Archives-August 2013

The optimization of the complicated computational problems using algorithms based on population is increased, considerably. In this paper, we use Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a new structure to optimize the optimal solutions to solve N-Queens which is one of the combinatorial optimization problems. For increase the efficiency of GA and prevent from premature convergence, it is used crossover operator. So, to keep the primary population and optimal solution in each generation, it is selected the most fitness population. By performing operations, it is created chromosomes with less conflict. In this case, not only we prevent premature convergence, but also keep the population variety in a balanced scale. In this way, not only we prevent from premature convergence, but also keep the variety of population in balanced way. So, more parts of search space will be explored. The experiment results showed that GA has high efficiency to find optimal solution by combining crossover operators.

Nowadays, optimization algorithm has good efficiency in solving complicated optimization problems. The main capabilities of theses algorithms are the ability to search in very big spaces in short time, escape from local optimal points, low computational costs and easy implementation. Therefore, one of the popular methods for solve complicated optimization is to use optimization method based on swarm intelligence. In this paper, we discuss about Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in continuous optimization area and use them in minimizing the number of continuous functions. The obtained results indicated that PSO had better efficiency to solve continuous optimization problems.

Group-B Streptococcus agalactiae is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality for over last two decades. It causes two types of GBS infection in early neonates onset disease and late onset disease, characterized by pneumonia, Septicaemia and meningitis and among adults it causes UTI, wound infections, endocarditis and intra- uterine asphyxia. This study was done to determine the prevalence of vaginal colonization of Group-B Streptococcus agalactiae, its risk factor and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates. Four hundred and twenty two samples were collected from antenatal mothers, between 7th week to 40th week of gestation were screened for Group-B Streptococci colonization from 1st Jan 2010 to 25th Dec 2013. The subjects selected were between 17 to 38 years of age group. Group-B Streptococci were isolated only 136 cases from pregnant women which is about 8.5%. Among the risk factor, low maternal age, no good nutrition, unhygienic condition and those who have animal, in their house is the major factor for Streptococcus colonization among the mothers with positive culture. Neonatal infection was only present in 33 cases of neonates born from culture positive mothers. All isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Vancomycin but moderately sensitive to Chloramphenical and Clindamycin. All isolates were resistant to Gentamycin and Tetracycline. Study done in Central Nepal showed low colonization rate of GBS in the vagina of antenatal mothers so neonatal infection was not evident. This finding is also supported by the fact that the fatal neonates colonization with GBS only 1-2% develops clinically apparent disease. Intrapartum antibiotic therapy of women colonized with Group-B Streptococcus can decrease neonatal infection. Effective strategies to detect maternal colonization with GBS infection needs to be studied properly in different populations of the world.

The present study provides the health application at affordable cost. This study such as ethnomedicine keenly represents one of the best avenues in searching new economic plants for medicine.The present investigation was carried out to examine the qualitative phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and anti-oxidant effect of polyherbal drugs namely Shirishadi and Bharangyadi. The hydroethanolic extracts of drugs showed the presence of alkaloid, tannins, flavanoids, phlobatannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates particularly reducing sugars. The estimations of total phenolics content in the selected groups was also done spectrophotometrically following the Folin – ciocalteau method and was found to contained 112mg/g & 50.98+ 0.62 of phenolics respectively. Flavonoids were also estimated following the aluminium chloride method and 13.66 + 1.67mg/g of flavonoids was found to present in Bharangyadi compound whereas Shirishadi contains 23.89 + 4.62mg/g. ABTS+ assay shows maximum inhibition of 82.27 ± 2.69 with EC50 462.72 ± 4.56 for Shirishadi and Bharangyadi shows 64.2+ 0.86 percent inhibition with EC50 675.31 + 4.24. Assessment of antimicrobial activity shows that Bharangyadi has more potent antibacterial and anti-fungal effect than Shirishadi. Antibacterial activity was best revealed by Bharangyadi compound against Plesiomonas shigelloides followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa it showed strong antifungal property with maximum affinity against Candida parapsilosis. Shirishadi compound also showed effective antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximum inhibition zone against Plesiomonas shigelloides and Candida tropicalis.Both the drugs were tested against seven bacterial strains and four fungal strains.

For all structural/functional application, tribological properties of material play most prominent role in day to day life. Tribology arises when there is relative motion between two surfaces in contact results loss of mass from surface by rubbing. To restrict this type of wear suitable lubricant can be use. This paper describes about wear behavior of three composites specimen made from constituting elements: alumina oxide, titanium dioxide and copper with the help of pin on disc machine. These three specimen pellets are made by powder metallurgy technique by increasing the furnace temperature from 1000C to 7000C with a rate of 30C/min. From wear test, wear rate graphs are plotted with respect to sliding velocity. In this study it is found that, composition of composites and sliding velocity majorly impart on wear rate. Our present aim is to test the mixture of various compositions of alumina and titanium in a copper base and test it for its different properties, to compare it with pure alumina. Among three composite it is observed that more the amount of TiO2 percentage, lesser is the wear rate. This investigation can help to improve the tribological properties of surfaces by varying their composition.

A three-stage algorithm of combining sequential heuristic methods into a Hopfield neural network is presented for the channel assignment problem in cellular mobile communication systems in this paper. The goal of this problem is to find a channel assignment to requested calls with the minimum number of channels subject to interference constraints between channels. The three-stage algorithm consists of: 1) the regular interval assignment stage; 2) the greedy assignment stage; and 3) the neural-network assignment stage. In the first stage, the calls in a cell determining the lower bound on the total number of channels are assigned channels at regular intervals. In the second stage, the calls in a cell with the largest degree and its adjacent cells are assigned channels by a greedy heuristic method. In the third stage, the calls in the remaining cells are assigned channels by a Hopfield neural network. The performance is verified through solving well-known benchmark problems. Especially for Sivarajan’s benchmark problems, my three-stage algorithm first achieves the lower bound solutions in all of the 12 instances.

This paper involves the synthesis of photoadduct of Potassium hexacyanoferrate and phenanthroline via photochemical route .The photoadduct has been synthesized by photoirradiation followed by substitution with phenanthroline ligand. The photoaquation, substitution and successful synthesis has been proved by recording pH, colour change, UV visible spectra before and after irradiation. The as synthesized photoadduct has been subjected to various spectroscopic and surface characterization techniques like elemental analysis, UV-visible spectra, XRD, and SEM. XRD of photoadduct shows crystalline structure. Moreover parameters like crystallite size (L), interplanar distance (d), micro strain (?), dislocation density (?) and distortion parameters (g) were evaluated from XRD data using Schrerrer and other equations for the photoadduct.

In this paper cofinitely quasi-injective modules defined. Let and be modules. Let be a monomorphism from any module such that is cofinite submodule of . Then is called cofinitely injective module if any homomorphism can be extended to an homomorphism . An module is called cofinitely quasi injective, if is cofinitely injective module.

To evaluate the performance of ion exchange HPLC method using Bio-Rad D10 analyser and compare with Immunoturbidimentric method (IT) of Beckman Coulter (BC)for the measurement of HbA1c in human blood. 100 patients blood samples referred for HbA1c test by the diabetic clinic, both Males and Females with a wide range of age groups were used for this study. Blood samples for HbA1c was collected as per standard protocols. Measurement of HbA1c was carried out using both methods. Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocols for the evaluation of a new method was followed in this study. The intra and inter assay precision obtained were 1.0 % and 1.41 % and the intra and inter accuracy were 1.5 % & 1.3 % for HPLC method and the figures for IT method was 1.5 % and 2.0 % for Intra & Inter assay precision and 1.5 % & 0.8 % for intra and inter accuracy. All statistical parameters obtained in this study are well within those recommended by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) & World Health Organization (WHO). The linearity obtained for both the methods are similar (4.2 to 16 %). HPLC method using Bio-Rad D10 analyser is comparable to the method based on IT of Beckman Coulter in terms of precision and accuracy. Hence the laboratory confidently switched over to this method for measuring HbA1c.

Industrialization is a path taken by many developing countries to increase national welfare; Industrialization process is various between countries inherently depending on policy options applied by respective government. As industrialization proceeds, the natural resources diminishes and labor wage increases, while at the same time lately industrializing countries emerge, new approaches are required to reshape the competitiveness of Indian industries Economic, and industrial clusters have become in the last years the object of a new economic theory that has proved important for regional and even national (porter, 1990) development. This paper outlines a methodology, characteristics that are derived from the special features of Safety Match industry (SMI) clusters. The paper described the process that is behind the creation, the continuous development and the success of the Safety Match industry clusters and aims to emphasize those particular features which define and Match industry clusters and separate it from another type of industrial cluster.