Archives-December 

For some time now, researchers in pedagogy have been finding ways of improving language teaching and learning in schools in Africa. In Ghana, various governments have sought assistance/cooperation from professional as well as donor agencies, both national and international, to improve language teaching methodology in schools. Until then, language teaching in the basic schools had depended rather extensively on the ‘Segregated Method’. With the coming of these interventions, however, teachers are becoming more and more aware of the ‘Integrated Approach’ to teaching language. Even then, the focus has been on what is popularly referred to as ‘Language across the Curriculum’. This paper seeks to reinforce the fact that language is better learned as a whole, and that students of ESL learn better when the various language skills are integrated in a single lesson, and that there is no single ‘best method’ of teaching English.

The desire for political power leads people into politics. Many people come to power in order to influence the formulation and implementation of economic and political ideas which they believe will solve the problems bedeviling their nations. In providing political leadership, use of language is of utmost importance because it facilitates the execution of many political actions. This paper discusses political discourse by examining the inaugural addresses of Presidents J. F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. Inaugurals usually point towards the policy directions of newly inaugurated leaders. The position of the United States of America as a very strong political and economic power makes the speeches of its president incontrovertibly significant. This paper aims at examining the rhetorical strategies of the two presidents whose ideologies are anything but identical.

It has been already noted and explored by many authors that the association /occurrence of the bacterial vaginosis ( BV) among majority of women at greater risk. Countless publications indicating the risk of bacterial vaginosis and the ascending infection to the female reproductive tract, which may create/affect the morbidity and mortality of fetus in case of pregnant women infected with bacterial vaginosis. In our study we made an attempt to screen the biofilm producing Klebsiella in the vaginal secretions of the pregnant women, sero positive for C.trachomatis IgM antibody, those who had symptomatic genital infection . Biofilm forming klebsiella was identified by both microscopic and klebsiella phenotyps on culture media. We could able to record a significant percentage of the biofilm producing Klebsiella within our study population. It was interesting to note that all these biofilm forming Klebsiella found in the vaginal secretions found as Multidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. From this we conclude that the occurrence of biofilm forming, multidrug resistant bacteria among the pregnant women is possible, that too, while it emerge as co-infection along with C.trachomatis infection, that need special attention of the public and health care professionals. It is suggested that the need of screening these culprits during pregnancy to eradicate it in view of preventing ascending infection which may involve with the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Kenya has put in place legislations to safeguard the safety and health of workers, but still the number of accidents at workplaces has continued to increase. According to the Directorate of Occupational safety and health Services (DOSHS) Annual Report, the Coast region was leading with the number of fatal accidents at 42 and non-fatal accidents at 842 for the year 2004. The DOHS Annual Report (2010) reported an increase to 1742 accidents, where 34 were fatal and 1713 were non-fatal in the coast region. Literature from various parts of the world has identified numerous causes of accident. Human error plays a big role in accident causation, behavioral factors such as improper attitude, lack of knowledge, lack of skills and inadequate physical and mental condition. Carelessness and reckless behavior, inattention or fatigue, inadequate or unsafe equipment and lack of adequate training increase the probability that an accident will occur. However, not much has been documented in Kenya, particularly in food laboratories. The paper therefore presents the causes and frequency of accidents in food laboratories within Mombasa County .The target population was 200 food laboratory workers from all the thirteen food laboratories in Mombasa county out of which 50% was the sample representative. Simple random sampling was used to identify those to be issued with questionnaires. Data collected was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the SPSS computer software and results were presented in tables as percentages and frequencies.Results indicated that slips and falls are the main cause of accidents as was stated by 43% of respondents. The results also showed a strong inverse correlation between the work experience and accident occurrence. A regression identified on three factors that are main cause of accidents: Drug use, Poor working environment and lack of adequate training.

This study explored implications of self-publishing activities to the process of acquisition in Nigerian university libraries. Survey method was employed using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. A random sampling technique was adopted; seven respondents (Collection Development Librarians) were drawn from each of the six geo-political zones of the federation. The collected data was analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics which involved tables and simple percentages. The study showed that absence of multi-dimensional approach to marketing and promotion, poor editorial and operational errors and informal payment process accounted for low patronage of self-published materials by Nigerian university libraries. Therefore, there is need for further training in self-publishing for Author-Publishers, while CDLs should create the needed synergy by engaging the faculty and forming a consortium for acquisition of self-published books

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl solutions by methanol extracts of Costus lucanusianus was investigated at concentrations of 0.1 g/L, 0.2 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 0.7 g/L and 1 g/L using thermo-gravimetric analysis from 303 K – 333 K. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 88% and 86% for mild steel and aluminium was observed. The adsorption was found to obey Fruendlich isotherm. GC-MS analysis showed major components of Methanol Stem Extract (MSE) and Methanol leave Extract (MLE) as 1,3-bis (3-bromophenyl) 1,3-propanedione (12.60%) and 3–hydroxyl-4-methoxy benzylalcohol (72.17%) respectively. Quantum chemical calculations using Density Functional Theory employing the Becke exchange functional and the Lee Yang Parr correlation functional (BLYP), together with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) employing the “double numeric polarization” (DNP) basis sets was used in optimization of the geometries of the molecules. The inhibitors showed significant inhibitive effect following the trend MSE > MLE.

In this paper cofinitely quasi-injective modules defined. Let and be modules. Let be a monomorphism from any module such that is cofinite submodule of . Then is called cofinitely injective module if any homomorphism can be extended to an homomorphism . An module is called cofinitely quasi injective, if is cofinitely injective module.

One of the major problems in power system is the occurrence of disturbances that affect the quality of electricity supply. Fault location detection is therefore the key to reliable operation of power equipments and satisfactory service delivery with minimum interruption. This need has given rise to fault location techniques so that the effects of fault can be mitigated with appropriate corrective measures. This paper, thus, presents two algorithmic approaches towards fault location detection with and without using transmission line parameters. A comparison between these techniques, that is the impedance-based method and travelling wave-based method was done to ascertain their degree of efficacy in estimating the distance of various faults at different locations on the transmission line model. The modelling and simulations were done using Simulink and the algorithms of both methods were written using MATLAB codes. Lower the value of percentage error, better the accuracy of algorithm.

Thevetia Nerrifolia and Jathropha Curcas seed oils were extracted from their oil seeds by soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether (40-60 oC) as solvent. The oils were characterized and the oil yield, refractive index acid value, saponification value, iodine value, colour and relative density were found to be 47.77%, 1.464, 4.365 (mg/KOH), 125.62 (mg/KOH), 98.48 (wij), 4+ and 0.926 for Thevetia Nerrifolia seed oil and 46.56%, 1.496, 33.65 (mg/KOH), 175.12 (mg/KOH) 105.43 (Wij), 3 and 0.913 for Jathropha Curcas seed oil respectively. Dimer acids were prepared from these seed oils by heating 200g of each of the oils under nitrogen inert atmosphere in a four necked resin kettle at a temperature of 300oC for 12 hours. The Dimer acids were thenreacted with 1,2- phenylenediamine at 210 ± 10oC in an inert atmosphere for 2 hours to give a fatty polyamide of Thevetia Nerrifolia and Jathropha Curcas respectively. Analysis of the fatty polyamide in term of physicochemical properties shows that their properties compare favourably with those prepared from dimer acids from well known vegetable oils in the fatty polyamidesynthesis.

PVA membrane and PVA-PES membrane were used for study of Pervaporation separation of IPA/water mixture. In present study experiments were carried out at different feed temperature (45-75 0C), feed concentration (6.28- 14.39 wt %.) and flow rates (6-18 LPH). The degree of swelling of the membranes studied at different concentration of water in feed. The experimental results of IPA/water system were presented and compared with regression analysis model data. It was observed that PVA-PES membrane has higher flux and lower separation factor than PVA membrane for separation of IPA/water mixture. The total permeation flux increased with increase in feed temperature and feed concentration. Increasing the feed flow rate had a positive effect on both permeation flux and selectivity due to elimination of concentration and temperature polarization. A permeation flux of 110.81 gm/m2.hr with separation factor 124.93 was achieved for PVA membrane and permeation flux of 158.44 gm/m2.hr with separation factor 25.24 was achieved for PVA-PES membrane. The Comparative results are presented in this work.