Archives-December 

Jhelum is the main source of livelihood in the valley. It has been marred by extensive siltation in the past few decades. In absence of conservative measures, the river has lost its carrying capacity. The routing capacity of the Flood Spill Channel which starts from Padshahi Bagh and flows in Srinagar outskirts towards north Kashmir has got reduced to less than 4000 cusecs due to siltation and encroachment over the years. The drainage capacity of the River Jhelum and that of Flood Spill Channel has significantly reduced over time due to massive siltation and because dredging has not kept pace with the rate of siltation . The loss of wetlands that use to absorb water during the floods has resulted in increase in hydrograph peak. As a result Jhelum swells up quickly after just 100mm of rainfall in the catchment, spread over more than 8000 km2. Presently, Jhelum’s maximum water carrying capacity is 60000 cusecs in south Kashmir. In Srinagar city , this capacity is to be restored to 35000 cusecs. The remaining 25000 cusecs is to be diverted through the flood spill channel, whose discharge capacity is also proposed to be increased. As observed in 2014, the discharge recorded in main Jhelum at Sangam was of the order of 1.2 lakh cusecs i.e. double the maximum carrying capacity of river. 60000 cusecs can be mitigated only when spill channel from Padshahibagh to Sopore could carry 25000 cusecs.and main River course, especially through Srinagar city, could take 35000 cusecs. The mitigation of balance 60000 cusecs is the burning problem. Studies on strategic flood management of river Jhelum through tunnel from Dogripora (sangam) to czhal (boniyar) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, India as an alternative has been considered in the current studies. From the conclusion, it can be ascertained that a extra quantum of water can easily be diverted and floods like 2014 can be avoided

Nigeria was ranked 14th in global assessment of under-five mortality rate due to infants poor nutrition. (The Punch 2011) The Wheat, genus Triticum, tribe,Triticeae family, is limiting in lysine but has adequate amount of sulphur-containing amino acids (Adeyeye & Aye 2005).The cultivation of Triticum durum yields well in Nigeria. It is mainly consumed by adults who eatit in bread and other pastries (The Compass 2011).There have been cases of hypersensitive response to wheat gluten causing celiac disease which in children, prompts symptoms like bloating, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation (Nagano et al., 2003). During fermentation some microorganic enzymes hydrolyze and degrade wheat gluten by almost 80% making it hypoallergenic thus preventing the celiac disease (2007 www; mhtml fermented wheat protein and Gluten intolerance/Love to know Assessed on 6/10/2011). Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L) Walp.):the black-eyed variety called drum is widely cultivated in Nigeria. It is limiting in methionine. The dry beans is cooked without prior fermentation or dehullingand because the whole beans are unsuitable for infants, the broth or soup of the cooked beans may contain high levels of tannins and phytates extracted from the seed coats of colored beans during cooking thisis served the infants resulting in poor protein digestibility, diarrhea, as the liquid portion (Lyimo et al., 1992). Phytates and tannin are responsible for the low availability of calcium, zinc, iron magnesium and poor protein digestibility from cereals and some leguminous foods.

Education students, as if they were happy, and obtain the necessary skills to solve problems and enable to proper decisions about their personal and social issues, is sightly scholars of Training and practitioners, and policy makers of education. This requires the use of modern teaching methods in education. One of the new methods of teaching that has many applications is discovery. Discovery method is based on learning search process and explains phenomena. In this paper, in order to be familiar with this approach, concepts, nature, structure and teaching methods are defined based on the discovery. Teaching techniques, such as exploratory learning and experimental Teaching methods.

Small sized iron oxide nanoparticles with were successfully synthesized on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) by precipitation method. The cellulose acetate were dispersed in deionized water, after that ferric and ferrous chloride was added to this mixture and stirred. After the absorption of iron ions on the surface layer of the fibers, the iron formed was reduced with NaOH by a quick precipitation method. The mean diameter and standard deviation of iron oxide synthesized in cellulose/iron oxide nano-composites (CIONC) were 35 ± 2.42 nm. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and FT-IR. XRD indicated the sole existence of inverse cubic spinel phase of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The cellulose acetate/iron oxide prepared by this method has magnetic properties. The removal efficiency of iron and copper from wastewater by the new synthesized cellulose/ iron oxide nanocomposite after treatment were observed to be 92.96 % and 88.44 %, respectively in synthesized solution. Reduction percent of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater were 86.07% and 91.77 %, respectively. The new prepared cellulose/iron oxide nanocomposite had new physical and chemical characterization by new additives methodology that had high removal efficiency of heavy metals, nitrates and phosphates upon 86-92 % of inorganic pollutants. This research concerned with copper and iron removal from wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles of cellulose/iron oxide.

Isomeric Nickel (II) complexes of toluic acid hydrazide-hydrazone, HL have been synthesized through one pot synthesis. The ligand, HL and the complexes were characterized with FTIR, Uv-Vis, NMR and Mass Spectroscopies, Melting point, solubility, metal conductance, percentage metal and elemental analyses and magnetic susceptibility. The solubility test revealed that the compounds were generally soluble in DMSO hence the molar conductance of the complexes in DMSO showed that the complexes are electrolytic in nature. The mass spectroscopy, percentage metal and elemental analyses conformed with the formulated masses, while the compounds were stable at room temperature. The FTIR spectra of the ligand proved it to be bidentate and the ligand, HL coordinated to the Ni(II) ions through while the electronic spectra peaks showed that Ni(II) complex isomer I and Ni(II) complex isomer II assumed tetrahedral and square planar geometries respectively. The NMR spectra of Ni(II) complex isomer I gave broad bands due to paramagnetism while Ni(II) complex isomer II revealed the relevant peaks. The antibacterial activities of the compounds showed the complexes are more active against the ligand, with Ni(II) complex isomer 1 showing greater activity against k.pneumoniea.

The study was intended to investigate effects of pre-task and online task planning on IELTS Task 1 Academic Writing grammar. Forty five Iranian prospective IELTS candidates were randomly placed in three groups of Pre-task planning (PTP), Online-task planning (OTP), and Control group. In PTP, the required structures were given to the participants before the introduction of the task and then participants were asked to write the task. In OTP, as the instructor was presenting the different parts of the task, he introduced the relevant structures as well. For example, he explained the introduction and immediately he presented the types of structures candidates were supposed to write. In the control group, no planning of any sort was presented. The one-way ANOVA for the Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA) showed that there was a highly significant difference between the performance of both PTP and OTP participants compared with those of the control group. Comparing the performance of PTP and OTP participants, however, it was shown that the former got higher GRA scores than the latter. The results of the study indicate that presentation of grammatical structure prior to the presentation of the task can help IELTS Task 1 candidates get higher scores.

This study will reveal whether the mathematics teachers are aware of the reason why the concerned students have difficulty in learning mathematics and what measures they take if they are aware. In this context, the response to intervention (RTI) model, which is assumed to be effective for the students who need special education to gain and develop basic mathematical thinking skills, was applied and the views of the mathematics teachers on the extent of effect of this model. Student monitoring and structured interview forms constitute the data collection tools of the study. Findings show that the teachers are not aware of the reason why students who need special education have difficulty in learning mathematics. Teachers stated that the interventions under RTI increased the mathematics performances of students and that RTI offered new opportunities to students and was effective in increasing their academic achievement as they cannot show adequate attention to them in crowded classes. A RTI model approach is recommended to mathematics teachers for the students who need special education.

Crude oil price directly influence the economic conditions of world. This will impact on the airlines operating of aero engines that lead to turbo machinery to future fuel conservation requirements. The continuing effort to improve performance has created in improving the efficiency of current and future gas turbine engines. The fuel efficiency of an aircraft is dependent upon factors: the drag contributed by the air frame, the drag contributed by the engine and the efficiency of the engine itself. In this paper we discuss the latest advancement in gas turbine engines that improves efficiency of the engine from a unit mass of fuel that is burnt. Turbofan engine coupled with planetary gear increases speed of low pressure compressor by three to four folds of fan takes place inside the core of the engine, which includes the compressor, the combustion chamber, and the turbines that extract mechanical energy from the hot, expanding gases. By increasing the fan diameter & by improving the overall bypass ratios up to 12, the fuel efficiency of engine increases to double digit ~15% which is revolutionary in aero engine development history.

In this paper, we study the structure of cancellative quasi commutative ternary semigroups. In fact we prove that if T is a cancellative quasi commutative ternary semigroup, then (1) T is a primary ternary semigroup, (2) proper prime ideals in T are maximal, (3) semiprimary ideals in T are primary, are equivalent. We obtain a characterization for semipseudo symmetric ternary semigroups with identity in which proper prime ideals are maximal and also we characterize semipseudo symmetric semigroups without identity in which proper prime idels are maximal and globally idempotent principal ideals from a chain. Further we characterize quasi commutative ternary semigroups containing cancellable elements in which proper prime ideals are maximal. Finally we study the ternary semigroups containing, identity with either one of the following properties. (1) Every nonzero primary ideal is prime as well as maximal, (2) every nonzero primary ideal is prime, (3) every nonzero ideal is prime.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether Senior High school teachers integrate assessment in the teaching and learning of Mathematics. Acquisition of Scientific and Mathematical knowledge is based on effective use of assessing students’ learning outcome. Therefore, there simply cannot be any meaningful learning of mathematics without using assessment. In this study Assessment Practices means what teachers use assessment to do in the teaching learning of Mathematics. A sample of 160 teachers in two districts in the Central Region were used. This comprised of 92 Beginning and 68 Experienced teachers. Questionnaire was the main research instruments used in this study. The questionnaire was administered to 160 mathematics teachers in the two districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The design used in this study is a cross-sectional survey. Data collected from the respondents were analysed using frequencies, percentages means and standard deviations. It was found out that majority (136 out of 160) of the Senior High School mathematics teachers do not frequently integrate assessment in the teaching and learning of mathematics. They rather see assessment as an added on activity which mainly comes at the end of the teaching learning process. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Senior High School mathematics teachers be equipped to carry out assessment practices that will enhance students learning in mathematics.