Archives-December 

Religious institutions in India are too rich in terms of their income through donations and treasures. But this wealth of the country is kept confined to the institutions itself. This paper explains the current scenario of Indian religious institutions by carrying out an empirical as well as the descriptive research on the topic. It will focus on the need of the hour for using these funds for the social upliftment and development. It will also emphasize whether nationalisation of these institutions is required or not. This paper also analyses that if the religious institutions are already under State control, then there should be a transparent mechanism in which all the funds collected through religious institutions are utilized. And it will also study that the funds need to be circulated in the economy for the boom of the economy. It has also emphasized on some international systems where taxes has been imposed upon the religious institutions for the development of the country and the institutions itself. Lastly, we would be discussing whether there is a need for imposing Aastha Tax in India. And what should be the nature of such taxes (if imposed) and their advantages and disadvantages as well.

A highly efficient and expedient protocol for the synthesis of hydrazones catalyzed by citric acid is investigated via reaction of hydrazine hydrate with different carbonyl compounds. The use of inexpensive, non-hazardous easily available citric acid as a catalyst for the synthesis hydrazones employing grinding technique is reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds are established on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral data.

Agricultural Machinery is mostly used in off road i.e. in the field. In the field these machines perform different field operations like Ploughing, where the parts are subjected to stresses like tensile stress, compressive stress and shear stress thereby high wear due to heavy loads. The critical components in the agriculture machinery are either forged or fabricated out of medium carbon steel by unorganized sectors in India. As a result the users suffer on account of quality and short service life of these components. Recently Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has come up which has high strength, high wear resistance and less manufacturing cost. This material is now being widely used in production of critical agricultural machinery components for cost effectiveness uses. The paper described the Mechanical, Tribological properties of Austempered ductile iron and its application areas in agricultural machinery in India and abroad.

The aim of this project is investigating parameters that affect response of buried pipelines due to high-frequency seismic excitations. The main focus of the study is on reinforced concrete pipelines. Steel pipelines are also studied for comparison purposes. Two-dimensional finite element models are developed for dynamic analysis of pipelines loaded by seismic waves that propagate from the bedrock through the soil. The models describe both longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of pipelines. The interaction between pipelines and surrounding soils is accounted for, including a nonlinear behavior. The pipelines studied are assumed to be surrounded by frictional soils with dense, medium and loose stiffness. The effects of water mass, burial depth, soil layer thickness and non-uniform ground thickness caused by inclined bedrock are studied. It is demonstrated how two-dimensional plane strain models can be used for seismic analysis of pipelines with circular cross-sections.

Market efficiency depends on several things such as stability, confidence, and the flow of accessible information in any country. Others also caution that one must be aware of social or transactional costs which persons grapple with in cases involving political and market settlements. This has to do with “time”, “money”, and the “effort someone loses” in obtaining what he wants during a controversy in the market or political system. This also entails that people should fight less in order to reduce “friction” instead of contributing to this in public matters. Thus, according to Economists, other costs, including search and information costs, bargaining costs, keeping trade secrets, and policing and enforcement costs, can all potentially add to the cost of procuring something from another party. When elections are encountering numerous problems such as they produce risk and uncertainty, economic success may be greatly hampered. Market transactions could be affected. Elections are very important activities, which help nations to elect their prime leaders and parliamentarians. So whenever problems occur due to risk and uncertainties that are involved, the nation in question could fall into pandemonium, which could lead to anarchy. The purpose of the study was to determine how behavioural and social factors cause certain conditions to prevail as a result of conflicts which result from political elections. The use of comparative method enabled the author to combine theories of neuroscience, psychology, microeconomics tools to investigate conditions that occasion these instabilities in elections. Results show that certain behavioural characteristics emerge that illuminate on how leaders perceive themselves in power that negatively influences the political system. The conclusion is that behavioural economics concepts could be utilised to aid leaders in the Third World to desist from certain tendencies which prevent some good governance principles to function in these societies.

Energy as electromagnetic waves has primary and secondary effects. Certain shapes have affect the secondary effect either positively or negatively. BioGeometry is dealing with shapes which affect positively on energy. BioGeometry has principles of designs which used during design shapes. Fashion designs also have elements and principles which used during clothing designs. The human body has an open energy system that is in instant exchange on the subtle energy level just as it is in other levels. The first boundary between the body's energy system and environment is on the level of what we aware, as a bounday our clothes affect the energy exchange in both directions. The object of this research is to study how this boundary can affect the quality of energy exchange in order to bring harmony within the human subtle energy system and have positive effect on the vitality, emotional and mental levels. In this research fashion design sketches were drawn. Their energy determined qualitatively, one sketch selected and modified by BioGeometry design principles and then , ten creative fashion designs applied which principles and elements of both BioGeometry and fashion design are analyized. Further studies needed to complete full observation.

Electroplating sludge contains huge of Ni. Bioleaching is found to be the best method to remove heavy metals. But, the temperature play vital role. In the present study, the influence of temperatures on the removal of Ni from electroplating sludge was investigated using bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Results showed that the maximum of 90.5% Ni was removed from the sludge under the temperature maintained at 37 °C. It was found that the rate constants obtained for Ni bioleaching at 37 °C was high.

Intramedullary metastasis is extremely rare, this report describes a case of a women aged 52, with a metastatic breast cancer spreads to brain, spine (vertebrea) and bones under chemotherapy. The patient consults for weakness and troubles walking. MRI has shown intra medullary metastasis. Our goal through this report is to describe a new case of a breast cancer intra medullary metastasis knowing that the most common primitive tumor was related to lung cancer.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare disease accountable for giving a heart failure, which affects women in the last month of pregnancy or within the first 5 postpartum months. Early signs and symptoms of heart failure may not be seen, they are often considered as a normal part of pregnancy. When such symptoms and signs are not diagnosed or managed accurately, the consequences can be deleterious for the patient. We are going to briefly report a case of a 28-years-old woman, without any preexisting structural heart disease. The woman, after 3 months of vaginal delivery following normal pregnancy, was admitted for cardiogenic shock and distal lower Limb Necrosis secondary to peripartum cardiomyopathy. Such complications are uncommon, and the management was not easily accepted by the patient.

The chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Acalypha hispida and Acalypha wilkesiana obtained by hydro distillation, were analyzed by Gas chromatography linked with Mass spectrometry. The main constituents of the essential oil from A. hispida were neral (11.04%), citral (12.87%), 6,10,14, trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.43%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (14.69%) while neral (30.66%) and citral (36.10%) which are monoterpenes were the major compounds in the oil of A. wilkesiana. The essential oils were tested for toxicity against brine shrimps larvae (Artemia salina) and showed LC50 values of 122.28µg/mL and 212µg/mL respectively while their activity against Anophelis gambiae reveal LC50 values of 125µg/mL and 83.33µg/mL respectively.