Archives-December 

Rapid developments in curricular education in Malaysia have raised questions about curricular teacher education. Many institution has been developed many of curricular organization for students to increase the achievement of skills in curricular. However, the understanding role of a curricular teacher is not balanced towards the achievement of students in curricular. The achievement of curricular was not totally performed very good due to the preparing curricular teacher was not being more effective. Education and the challenges of preparing quality curricular teachers are important priorities in many developing and developed countries. This is because to achieve in curricular education depends on the quality of its teachers. Therefore, a framework of skills need to be built to achieve the target of participating involved in curricular programs. The success of curricular depends on the quality of its teachers. Effective curricular teachers help to build a strong system of curricular education. The desired attributes of a beginning curricular teacher were articulated and a skills framework was developed.

The study analyzed the socioeconomic determinants of farmers’ use of indigenous soil management practices of yam production in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique of six local government areas and three communities each was used to select 288 yam farmers for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was discovered that most of the farmers (33.7%) and (31.6 %) were within the age ranges of 31-40 and 41-50 years respectively. Men (92.0) and married (88.2%) farmers dominated yam production in the study area. The literacy level of farmers in the study area was found to be low and majority (41.7%) of them had less than 10 years farming experience. It was discovered that the most prevalent indigenous soil management practices were tillage, crop rotation, mulching, green manuring, shifting cultivation, intercropping, organic manuring, bush fallowing and burning of crop residues in decreasing order of prevalence. The study revealed that Cost effectiveness (99.7%), Conservation of biodiversity (96.9%), user friendliness (94.8%) and Compatibility with the culture of the people (75.7%) were the advantages of using indigenous soil management practices. Use of indigenous soil management practices is significantly and positively affected by marital status, farm size, age and farming experience. The F-value at 5% level of probability confirmed that the joint effects of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics significantly affected the use of indigenous soil management practices of yam production. The study recommends that research and extension must work closely with the rural farmers to consolidate on the identified indigenous soil management practices in the area to improve on them for a sustainable agricultural development. They must also strengthen the confidence of farmers by expressing faith in such local knowledge found to be economically viable and ecologically Sound. This will boost yam production and create opportunity for sustaining a growing population and food security in rural communities of the area.

In this paper the symmetry classification of third order quasi-linear PDE's containing arbitrary function have been studied with derailed examples.

We propose a systematic methodology in any experimental design using orthogonal approach technique, which maximizes the coverage by comparatively lesser number of test cases. In such technique we have to balance between the specified time and quality. In this paper we adopt multiple strategy of OATS (Orthogonal array testing Strategies) in diabetic people to asses and compare the practice to optimize the testing efforts and achieve the right balance between diet and medication in urban and rural areas. Here we introduce three case studies of this orthogonal approach to reduce the number of test cases under the given software and hence improve the efficiency of the testing.

A Lamotrigine (LMG) reagent, 6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1, 2,4-triazine-3,5-diamine. Its molecular formula and molecular weight are C9H7N5Cl2 and 256.09 respectively, was employed for the sensitive spectrophotometric determination of gold(III). The gold(III) ion forms a yellow-coloured complex with LMG in an aqueous solution at pH 3.0. The gold complex shows the absorption maximum at 400 nm, and Beer, s law obeyed in the range of 10-160 µg/ml. The molar absorptivity and sandell, s sensitivity were found to be 1.38 X 103 mol -1 cm-1 and 0.0184 µg cm-2 respectively. The complex shows 1:1 [Au(III) : LMG] stochiometry with a stability constant of 4.77X104. The interference effect of various diverse ions has been studied. In addition to zero- order, first derivative spectrophotometric methods was also developed for the determination of gold(III) in trace amount which was more sensitive than the zero-order method. The developed method has been used for the determination of gold(III) in various kinds of alloys. The results was in excellent agreement with certified values.

A two stage novel speech enhancement algorithm is presented in this paper. First stage is designed such that it can substantially improve the signal to residual spectrum ratio by combining statistical estimators of the spectral magnitude of the speech and noise. By expressing the signal to residual spectrum ratio as a function of the estimators gain function. We derive a hybrid strategy that can improve the signal to residual spectrum ratio when the apriori and the posteriori SNR are detected to the lower than 0dB. The enhanced signals still suffer from undesirable speech distortion due to harmonic distortion. Some harmonics are considered as noise only components and are suppressed. To overcome harmonic distortion introduced in enhanced speech, in the proposed method the suppressed harmonics are regenerated. Objective and subjective tests were carried out to demonstrate improvement in the perceptual quality of speeches by the proposed technique.

This paper studied and fit a Multivariate linear regression model to the relationship between the response variables; Weight and Bulk density on one hand, and the predictor variables; Temperature, Moisture content before extrusion and Moisture content after extrusion on the other hand, of Cheese puffs product, manufactured by Zubix Company Limited, Anambra, Nigeria. A sample size of three hundred (300) cheese puffs packs were collected from a population of two-thousand, seventy-eight batches between August 2013 to June 2014, examined and used for analysis. A temperature of 186.67?C was discovered to be significantly related to the response variable.

Zinc Ferrite (ZF) is a material that is paramagnetic. Its presence in the universe has a magnetic force that is different depending on the structure and composition of materials. In some cases look almost the same, especially on substances ZF reacted at temperatures between 60 0C to 90 0C. ZF 70 have weaknesses at a temperature of 70, which is where most low coercivity alternating magnetism.

The paper reviews pollination studies in oil palm in West Africa, the Far East and South and Central America. The main types of pollination in the oil palm, anemophily and entomophily, and other forms of pollination are discussed. The floral characters of the oil palm that promote anemophily and entomophily are: abundant smooth dry pollen grains, enlarged stigmatic surfaces, reduced perianth, coloured perianth and a raised female inflorescence. The critical role played by insects and the resulting increases in yield of fresh fruit bunches (ffb) and oil following introductions of pollinator insects into the plantations in the Far East and Central and South America are mentioned. The introduction of insect pollinators into areas in the Far East with poor fruit set rates led to the cessation of assisted pollination and increased profitability. The introduction of the insect pollinators led to as much as 36 – 80 % improvement in fruit set, a 12 % increase in fruit-to-bunch ratio and a 28 – 54 % increase in mean bunch weight. The oil-to-bunch ratio increased by 9 % and a 43 % improvement recorded in the kernel-to-bunch ratio. Insects belonging to the Elaeidobius spp. (Coleoptera: Curculiondae; Derelominae) are the main insects involved in pollination of the oil palm. Other insects listed are the Prosoestus spp., Microporium spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidilidae) and Atheta spp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Mystrops spp. are of economic importance in South and Central America. The insects generally carry pollen on their hairy bodies and wings. The bigger and more hairy insects are more efficient pollinators and contribute to adequate fruit set and increased yield. Pollinator insect populations may be conserved through the selective use of insecticides, the proper timing of application, and the mode of application to achieve sustainable production.

The present investigation was carried to monitor simultaneously the physico-chemical characteristics of water and sediments of Dal Lake over a period of one year from March 2014-Feb.2015. In all 17 parameters from surface water and 13 parameters from sediments were analysed. The parameters analysed during the study were pH, conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonical nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate, total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), and metals (Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg). The results of both water and sediment samples revealed an overall increase in the concentration of the parameters than the permissible limits due to pollution.