Archives-December 

Most ocular diseases are treated with topical application of eye drops. After instillation of an eye drop, typically less than 5% of the applied drug penetrates the cornea and reaches intraocular tissues, while a major fraction of the instilled dose is absorbed and enters the systemic circulation. As ocular efficiency of topically applied drugs is influenced by the corneal contact time, most common method of improving ocular availability of drugs is to increase pre-corneal residence time by using vesicular system and hydrogel. One such approach to improve bioavailability of drug is the use of in-situ gelling system, which gets converted from sol-to-gel as a result of change in pH. By using Carbopol940 – a pH sensitive gelling agent, an attempt was made to develop niosomal in-situ gelling systems of Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic; useful in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, to increase the ocular residence time of drug. HPMC K15M was incorporated as viscosity enhancing agent. The promising formulations M1, M2, M3 and M4 were evaluated for pH, drug content, in vitro gelation, in vitro drug release, in vivo drug release, viscosity and stability. Percent drug content of 82.5%, 86.7%, 85.3% and 90.8%; viscosity of 320cP, 405cP, 440cP and 500cP at 100 rotation per minute (RPM), cumulative percent release of 37.9%, 47.7%, 48.2% and 49.7%, was observed for formulation M1, M2, M3 and M4 respectively. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious, stable, non-irritant and provided sustained release of the drug for 12 hours.

Microalgae are considered to be the world’s future energy reservoir and various aspects have been followed for optimizing the algae growth for large scale production of biodiesel. For the same, selection and screening of microalgae strain for its lipid productivity is much more important. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in this study for the analysis of lipid extract from natural isolate of Chlorella vulgaris. In order to evaluate the strain productivity the reference strain was obtained. Both the cultures were grown in a chemically-defined media under photoautotrophic culture conditions. Lipid extraction procedures were standardized for both strains based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy .The extracted lipid samples were analyzed. This study reveals that the natural isolate identified as Chlorella vulgaris strain is suitable for further optimization procedures and found with high percentage of residual lipid proportions. Also the results show that FTIR technique can be applied for determination of single cell biomass composition from phytoplankton communities.

9 potted plants of Rosa sp., in which 3 R. indica L. and others hybrid Rosa sp. 10 & 2 years old respectively werye observed the sequence of formation of dried or dead stems and alive stems. New branches and bud formed after cutting on date 6/11/2020 and the observation on date 27/11/2020 i.e. within 21 days. Fusarium oxysporum causing the wilting or dried condition in Rosa sp. was confirmed in the Laboratory of Department of Botany, M.M.A.M. CAMPUS, BIRATNAGAR, T.U, U NEPAL on Date 22/11/2020 at 1-2.15 P.M as characterised by Synder & Hansen (1940, 1941,1945)27,28,29 Synder (1965)30, Dube (1983)3 & Mehrotra (1980)11.

The effect of gender role perception and sense of efficacy on mental health of married employed women was examined. The study adopted a 2 (androgynous and sex-typed) x 2 (efficacious and less-efficacious) factorial design. One hundred twenty employed women participated in the study. They were categorized into androgynous and sex-typed on the basis of the median split of their scores on the measure of androgyny. Again androgynous and sex-typed women were categorized into efficacious and less efficacious subgroups on the basis of the median split of their scores on self-efficacy measures. The participants of all the four groups were compared with respect to their mental health. The result indicated that androgynous women showed better mental health than that of sex-typed women. Women with high sense of efficacy showed better mental health and scored higher in almost all dimensions of mental health than less-efficacious women.

The primary aim of the present work is to prepare a generalized exponential type estimators for estimation of the population mean under simple random sampling and qualitative auxiliary information. The expressions for MSE have been obtained. A comparison between proposed estimators with some existing estimators is done theoretically as well as numerically.

The purpose of writing the current paper is to identify and classify the driving affecting factors on customer relationship management. For measuring customer relationship management, we utilized 6 dimensions includes: knowledge management, technology, top management, personnel, service customizing and system integration. 2 questionnaires for identify and rank factors were designed and after proving their validity and reliability distributed participants. The results of applying Chi Square and Friedman tests show all dimension have positive and meaningful influence on customer relationship management. Finally by applying fuzzy TOPSIS technique, the sub criteria of customer relationship management were ranked in which “Reviewing and changing customers’ activities and other ones to achieve more customer orientation”, “Putting comprehensive information to customers about organizational services” and “Leading executive customer oriented plans by top managers” were selected as the most important sub criteria.

Hydro-geophysical investigations were conducted on a 16-acre piece of land at Kaedabi-Ahwerease in the Akuapem-South Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The purpose of the study was to determine the groundwater potential at the site and the possibility of drilling a borehole that could yield considerable quantity of groundwater for sustainable potable water for a proposed bottled and sachet water factory. The survey was carried out using the Geonics EM-34 conductivity meter and ABEM Terrameter (model SAS 1000 C) equipment. Electromagnetic (EM) profiling and Vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys were conducted to determine the vertical variation of the resistivity/conductivity of the sub-surface rock formation with depth with the view to detecting fractures, joints, shear zones and faults, which could serve as conduits for water traps within the underlying bedrock at the project site. The EM profiling data were obtained along three (3) evenly-spaced parallel traverses each of length 300 m with the 20 m inter-coil separation cable. Measurements were taken at 10 m station intervals in the northwest-southeast direction as a means of selecting suitable points for depth-probing (VES investigations). From the EM profiling results, 12 conductivity anomaly points were selected for further investigation using VES methodology. The Schlumberger array was used for the VES survey. The combined interpretation of the EM and VES results indicated the presence of possible aquifer units comprising the weathered, fractured and fresh bedrock within the subsurface of the study area. The results revealed the presence of three geo-electric layers. The resistivity of the top lateritic layer ranged from 78 to 1,895 ?m with thickness between 0.8 and 1.7 m. The resistivity of the regolith (second layer) ranged from 10 to 135 ?m with thickness of 2.1 to 6.4 m; while the bedrock had resistivity values between 303 and 1068 ?m. The combined output from topographic interpretation, paleo-river channel location and resistivity modelling results clearly zoned out areas of high and low groundwater potential in the study area. The estimated groundwater yield for the three test wells drilled within the detected high groundwater potential zone ranged between 50 and 160 lpm, indicating that, the study area has adequate groundwater for the proposed project.

Early studies on the adsorption and ion exchange potential of coconut coir dust (Cocos nucifera L.) shows that it has great proficiency for removal of trace metal ions from waste water and industrial effluents. Several factors influence the process of waste water detoxification by agricultural biomass. In this paper the effect of Particle sizes of coconut coir dust on the removal of metal ions by ion exchange has been studied by batch adsorption process for Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II). Percentage sorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) increase with decrease in particle sizes of coir dust: 50 µm > 63 µm > 150 µm > 212 µm > 300 µm > 425 µm > 600 µm. The adsorptivities of the metal ions on the unmodified coir dust decreased in the descending order: Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II).

The sales force's performance is one of the key issues for companies in today's competitive environment. Sales force is the executive arm of organizations in attracting customers and selling goods or services. All efforts of the various units of the organization are summarized as a result of the sales force's performance. As competition intensifies, the importance of sales force performance has increased. Today's vendors are more than ever a dynamic powerhouse in the world of commerce, and their efforts have a direct impact on diverse and diverse activities. Maintain the company's position in the market, evaluate the status of competitors, and ultimately provide the grounds for success and development of the company. This research attempts to investigate the effect of sales force reputation on customer behavior with an emphasis on the role of empirical value added by sales force. The statistical population of the present study is the employees and customers of Iran Khodro authorized dealers in Isfahan city and the number of samples A total of 390 patients were selected. The research type is applied and the method of the survey is descriptive and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Lisrel software. The results show that the reputation of sales force is influential on economic value, service productivity, service superiority, pleasurable interactions, and the mentioned variables have a positive effect on customer behavior in Iranian car dealerships, and it is suggested that these agents In order to raise the trust of customers, they are more seriously committed to their commitments and are committed to their customers and meet their needs.

Ottoman Empire was formed in the early thirteenth century by a tribal head named Uthman who was of the Turks living I Anatolia. This government, which was formed based on the conquests, had been the cause of anxiety of European for centuries and this anxiety was real because the Ottoman government had conquered by that time, using Turkish tribes and using warrior tradition (fighting with the pagan), all Balkan peninsula and vast sections of the eastern Europe but with the advent of new centuries, the Europeans gradually gained power and passed the Ottoman in power. The Ottomans who noticed the accomplishments of the Europeans compensated their lagging behind by doing new amendments in the mode of the Europeans. These amendment started seriously in the Ottoman Empire from the early nineteenth century and were followed until the of the age of this empire. These amendments have been followed in the modern Turkey with much intensity.