Archives-December 

A Schiff base ligand derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol and its complex of Co(II) were synthesized. The ligand and the complex were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, FT-IR and melting point or decomposition temperature measurements. The elemental analysis data show the formation of 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. The experimental data show that the ligand act as a tridentate ligand (ONO). The Schiff base and the complex were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The complex shows higher activity than the free ligand.

The spectrophotometric characteristics of the solid charge-transfer molecular complexes (CT) formed in the reaction of the electron donor 5-amino-1-methyl-3-phenypyrazole (AMPP) with the ?-acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and ?-acceptor iodine have been studied in chloroform at 25 0C. These were investigated through electronic and infrared spectra as well as elemental analysis. The results show that the formed solid CT- complexes have the formulas [(AMPP)(TCNE)], [(AMPP)(TCNQ)] and [(AMPP) I]+ I3- in full agreement with the known reaction stoichiometry in solution as well as the elemental measurements. The formation constant kCT, molar extinction coefficient ?CT, free energy change ?G0 and ECT energy have been calculated for the CT- complexes [(AMPP)(TCNE)], [(AMPP)(TCNQ)] and [(AMPP) I]+I-3.

Present research intended to find out the perception of private and public sector school teachers regarding existing facilities of their schools and its impact on the academic achievement of secondary school students. Population of the research was comprised of all male and female teachers working in the public and private sectors schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The results shows that teachers of private sector favorably perceived their school in relation to the facilities which these school are providing to maintain effective teaching learning environment. When achievement of private and public sectors schools was compared it was also found that students of private sector schools scores higher when compared with the public sector schools.

Teachers’ support is key in effective implementation of formative assessment strategies towards improvement of learners’ achievement in Mathematics instruction. However, there is lack of attention it has previously received hence the need for teacher support on effective implementation of the Five key Formative Assessment Strategies(FAS) in Mathematics instruction including: Clarifying and sharing learning intentions and criteria for success, Engineering effective classroom discussions, questions and learning tasks, Feedback that moves learners forward, Self-assessment and Peer assessment towards improved learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate Teachers’ support on effective implementation of the five key Formative Assessment Strategies in Mathematics instruction in secondary schools. The study was carried out in secondary schools in Nandi County, Kenya. Proportionate, stratified and simple random sampling was used to select 12 schools, 33 mathematics teachers and 12 head teachers. Quasi-experimental mixed method intervention design was employed. Data was collected using teachers’ questionnaires, head-teachers interviews and teachers’ focus group interviews. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive and thematic analyses. The findings revealed that there was inadequate support was due to: lack of training offered to teachers on FAS, lack of adequate resources and materials, big class sizes which did not favor the good use of FAS, lack of time to plan for FAS, FAS not included in curriculum and inadequate head teacher support.The study recommends that Teacher support is needed in terms of time, curriculum modifications, resources/materials, class sizes and periods. Intensive training of head teachers and all stakeholders should also be done on the support needed for successful implementation of FAS.Curriculum reviewers must involve stakeholders (Mathematics teachers) so that the reviewed curriculum supports effective implementation of FAS in terms of class sizes, time, learning materials and class periods.

Public administrative contracts, including contracts that are certain, due to the independence of administrative contracts, private agreements, principles and specific rules, their actions. This type of contract is generally subject to public law, and the rules governing aspects are mandatory. The treaties state that the purposes of protecting the public interest and provide public services followed, mostly private party on the one hand, and on the other hand the government is present. After the conclusion of the treaty, each party administrative and employer, will have obligations that may be one of the causes of the collapse of the termination of the obligations, of course, from the employer cited. Review existing laws and regulations, we find that the terminate right contracts, to the violation administrative , by virtue of Article 46, Treaty and the general conditions prevailing circumstances, by virtue of Article 48, the general conditions of the Treaty, is applicable. In the first case, which is based on the current contract, the provisions are relatively clear, but in the second case that, in the context of the general conditions of the Treaty, the term "termination" is used, without fault of the administrative , the employer, according to your best interest, or other causes termination of the treaty. The analysis of this vote, it is important that the termination of the interest and the common good, a terminate right the widespread that way for abuse of authority leaves open because the public interest concept is general and vague that content it's not material judicial supervision, usually the court, the regulation of termination, monitor. On the other hand, the concern of the highest public interest and public service delivery in this type of contract, justify the granting of preferential jurisdiction, the employer is government.

The method of teaching students is very important for the students’ academic achievement and general performance. This study investigated the effects of mastery learning approach on the academic achievement of Senior Secondary two students in Physics. The study was a pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental study on Physics Achievement in Ogidi Education zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) was used to collect data and data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Z-test. The result obtained revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly (P<0.05) better than the control group. The female students achieved slightly better than their male counterparts but the difference was not significant at P=0.05. Implication of the findings is that mastery learning is seen to enhance learning greatly and recommendation is that mastery learning should be encouraged for use by teachers in place of the lecture method.

The main objective of the research is to identify the influence of mindfulness towards academic optimism among teachers in Malaysian public secondary schools. Data ware obtained from 775 teachers randomly selected from 155 schools in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Research findings revealed the Malaysian public secondary schools practice a moderate level of mindfulness and academic optimism. The findings also shows that only individual mindfulness has a significant influence towards the teachers academic optimism

Effects of caterpillar (Imbrasia truncate Aurivillius, 1908) meal as a protein source in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus were investigated on growth performance, feed efficiency, whole body mineral composition and the cost/benefit analysis. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with duplicate observations (3 treatments × 2 replicates × 35 fish per hapa-in-earthen pond systems) during ten weeks of duration using an open system. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen ranged respectively between 27.7 to 28°C and 4.5 to 6.0 mg l-1. The Nile tilapia (12.67±1.88 g initial body weight and 10.45 ± 0.03cm initial length) were fed three times a day with three calculated isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets prepared by replacing fishmeal with caterpillar meal at 15% and 30%. The diets were coded T1 and T2 respectively. A control diet without caterpillar meal was coded T0. The fish fed with T1 and T0 diets were superior in specific growth rate (p< 0.05) when compared with fish fed with diet T2 treatment. On the other hand, the feed utilization parameter: feed conversion ratio (FCR), did not show significant differences(p? 0.05) between the fish in the control group and diet T1, although a significant difference between T1 andT2 treatments was observed. Results of body composition in response to dietary treatments showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) for moisture, fiber and minerals in contrast to protein, lipid and ash content where the difference was significant (p<0.05).The highest profit index (1.82) was recorded on diet T2. The lowest profit index was in the control but the differences were not significant (p? 0.05).These results indicate that incorporation of less than 30 % of caterpillar meal as a substitute for fishmeal could be feasible in the diet of Nile tilapia. Further studies are recommended for other fish species such as catfish, and the conditions to optimize the level of that ingredient to improve growth performance.

The very purpose of the WTO trading system is to keep away barriers to international trade in goods and services. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is one of the WTO administered multilateral trading instruments, aimed at freeing trade in services by regulating government measures affecting trade in services. The WTO/GATS system provides varieties of obligations/conditions for countries wishing to join the system. Before joining the WTO countries are required to adjust many aspects their trading systems in the way that facilitate free trade in services. Members of the organization have also variety of obligations to be in existence as long as membership is not terminated. Thus, joining the WTO/GATS system has a huge impact on the service sectors of members. Accordingly, this impact is expected to happen on the telecommunications services sector of Ethiopia, on the process to accede the WTO since 2003. The current operation of the Ethiopian telecommunications services sector monopolized by an enterprise, Ethio-Telecom. Despite the law provides a possibility whereby investors (domestic or foreign) can invest on the telecommunications services sector jointly with the government, currently almost all activities in the sector are operated by Ethio-telecom. With these and many other situations in the sector Ethiopia is on the way to accede the WTO. This article is therefore devoted to scrutinize the impact of Ethiopia’s accession to the WTO on its telecommunications services sector.

This study was carried out to determine the in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and phytochemical constituents of the methanolic leaves extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The results of this study show that Citrullus colocynthish has strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extract concentration-dependently scavenges DPPH radicals with IC50 of 357.14µg/ml compared to 16.32µg/ml of standard gallic acid, scavenge nitric oxide radicals with IC50 of 234µg/ml compared to 20.5µg/ml of standard ascorbic acid and has 20% activity of standard ascorbic acid ferric reducing power. The extract also inhibited induction of lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in cell free assays with highest concentration of the extract inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity by 72% at 500µg/ml and 91% at 250µg/ml respectively. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined, qualitative assays employed revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in the extract and the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol were found to be 58.76mg GAE/g, 2.01mg RE/g and 0.13mg RE/g respectively. Gas-chromatography analysis of the extract revealed the possible presence of albumin, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, vicilins, tocotrienols, lutin, 2-tetradcyclobutane, 2-dodecyclobutane. The presence of phenolics and various antioxidant compounds in the plants may explain the strong pharmacological potentials of the plant.