Archives-December 

The release of chlorophenolics in pulp bleaching wastewater is a threat to the aquatic ecosystems. The chlorophenolics can migrate throughout the biosphere and pose serious health hazard. The work is aimed to detect chlorophenolics using GC-MS and evaluate the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis for their degradation in the paper mill wastewaters. Four type of chlorophenolics i.e. chlorophenols (CP), chloroguaiacols (CG), chlorocatechols (CC), and chlorosyringaldehyde (CSA) are detected in the wastewaters. The wastewaters are subjected to photocatalysis with UV radiation under optimum conditions (TiO2 = 0.50 g/L, pH = 7.0, time = 4 hr, and H2O2 = 15 mM/L). UV/TiO2/H2O2 process has been found to be more efficient for the degradation of chlorophenolics with 68% and 75% removal of chlorophenolics for primary clarified (PC) and biotreated (BT) wastewaters, respectively, as compared to UV/TiO2 process. The Monochlorophenols (MCP) are removed to the maximum extent followed by di- (DCP) and trichlorophenols (TCP).

In this paper, a distance based Cluster head selection algorithm is proposed for improving the sensor network life time. This protocol achieves a good performance in terms of lifetime by balancing the energy load among all the nodes. This clustering technique help to prolong the life of wireless sensor network, especially in hostile environment where battery replacement of individual sensor nodes is not possible after their deployment in the given target area. Therefore, the proposed technique to distribute the role of the cluster head (CH) among the wireless sensor nodes in the same cluster is vital to increase the lifetime of the network. This algorithm uses a distance based method for providing the cluster head selection. Clustering techniques also provide good load balancing. This paper based on the distance of nodes and elects the cluster head to be responsible collects the data from nodes, this implementation done in c- Language.

Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky continue to cause considerable damage to maize grain in most stores in Africa. In the present study, laboratory experiments was conducted to investigate the potentials of Trichilia dregeana and Jatropha curcas seed oils for the protection of stored maize against two week old adult Sitophilus zeamais. The results indicated that Jatropha curcas seed oil and combination of the two seed oils (a synergic effect) caused 100% maize weevil’s mortality after one week exposure which is extremely high compared to negative control. The maize grains treated with seed oils and positive control showed a significant decrease of the number of holes compared to the negative control which indicates its protective effect against weevil from damaging the maize grains. Weevil perforation index ranged from 1.59 to 19.48 and indicate a highly positive protectant ability of the two seed oils. The computed percentage protectant ability of the two seed oils showed that 80.52-81.5% protectant ability in Trichilia dregeana seed oil, 96.87- 98.41% in Jatropha curcas seed oil, 98.41% in combination seed oils, and 98.41% in malathion powder. The results indicate that Jatropha curcas seed oil and combination of the two seed oils are highly effective as compared to Trichilia dregeana seed oil for maize seed protectant against Sitophilus zeamais. Thus, the order of protective ability of seed oils with various treatments on maize weevil were: Jatropha curcas seed oil > combination of Trichilia dregeana seed oil+ Jatropha curcas seed oil > Trichilia dregeana seed oil.

The study investigated the operational mechanism of key Microfinance Service Providers (MSPs) in Bangladesh and China. It seeks to understand diverse methodologies toward financial inclusion of the poor. A total six microfinance service providers were taken for critical evaluation consisting three from each country. A little variation on operational mechanism found among MSPs within the country but a greater variation has appeared between two countries. The most observable differences were- (i) outreach, (ii) service provision, (iii) collateral status, (iv) interest rate, (v) financial sustainability, and (vi) regulatory status which have direct influence on institutional sustainability. Findings of the study can help microfinance practitioners and policy makers to gain a better understanding on existing MSP and leads to further methodological improvement. Finally, the cross country comparison could bring win-win situation for both countries.

We report a case of a complete testicular epididymal dissociation discovered during surgery for cryptorchidism. The epididymis was found in the scrotum and the testis in the inguinal canal. This malformation is very rare, it has been reported sporadically, the incidence in patients with cryptorchidism may be higher. Epididymal anomalies seem to play an important role in the emergence of fertility disorders.

One of the last products in commercial aviation belonging to China is the C919 passenger airplane. This latest product is a product made by China to enter the market, especially against the series of Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. So it is a modern passenger plane consisting of single corridor and three-row seats like its competitors. In this study, composite structures used in the body of this new aircraft are discussed. Since the A320 and Boeing 737 are older design products, the use of composite materials in their fuselages is very low. At least the aviation use of composites is a surprising fact. The lowest utilization rate of composites is the aviation sector, which is a surprising fact. Because, although composite materials have been developed with aviation and aircraft industry, the rate of utilization in the sector is not very high yet. Especially in terms of weight and cargo we can say that the capacity is still higher in the high-altitude airplanes than in service conditions of metal alloys.

This study was an attempt to investigate the extent to which culture, national identity, and globalization are represented in reading comprehension materials currently taught for General English Courses at tertiary level in Iran. To fulfill this purpose, five General English textbooks were randomly selected from among the total number of twenty books published by Iranian writers throughout the country. Drawing on Byram's (1993) model of content analysis, the reading passages of the books were analyzed as the kernel sections of the books. The results of the content analysis revealed that the majority of the reading texts were culturally neutral focusing, for the most part, on scientific issues; and only a small number of texts addressed home culture and national identity; also, texts representing target culture and international culture were not numerous. Thus, conclusions can be drawn that materials prepared for General English Courses in Iran are not adequate for addressing national identity and raising cultural awareness, nor are they sufficient for informing learners of the target and international culture in the era of globalization and cross-cultural communication.

Security has become one of the major issues for data communication over Wired and Wireless sensor networks. Consider wireless sensor networks while transferring the data it can be attacked by different kinds of attacks such as compromised node, denial of service attacks. We agree that existing multi-path routing approaches are vulnerable to such attacks, mainly due to their deterministic nature. By considering the routing algorithm, it can compute the same routes known to the source, therefore all information sent over these routes. To secure the data from these attacks we can generate randomized multipath routes. These routes are taken by the shares of different packets change over time. While sending the data the randomized multi path routes include the same routes. In this paper, instead of selecting self-nodes we generate dynamic multi path routing in which the shares of different packets are taken and send to the destination. We develop efficient topology for delivery the data in secure manner. The experimental results show that topology out performs traditional schemes in terms of CPU cost, minimization of retransmissions.

This Article introduces the basic concepts, terminology, goals and procedures underlying the proper statistical design of experiment. This section describes in detail the process of choosing an experimental design. The choice of design in agricultural field experiments depends on the objectives of the experiment and the number of factors to be investigated.

The aim of this study was firstly to compare between different gelling agents for its drug release characteristics, and viscosity and Secondly, to investigate the effect of presence of PluronicF127 on drug release and viscosity of different gelling agents. Topical gel formulations of Ibuprofen were prepared by using Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, HPMC, Sepineo, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) polymer as a gel-forming material that is biocompatible and biodegradable. The skin permeation enhancer used was Menthol. Permeation studies were carried out in-vitro using Cellophane Membrane. In-vitro diffusion study showed that diffusion studies of formulation F6 and marketed gel was comparable. The in-vitro study also reveals that addition of Pluronic F127 results in increase in viscosity of gel which further sustains the drug release. Results shows that as concentration of gelling agent increases viscosity increases and drug release decreases.