Archives-December 

Short term load forecasting is very essential for daily planning in an electrical system. Power demand for the next few hours or days need to be predicted for smooth and economical running of a power system. Prior data is essential to make the prediction. There are different methods to do the forecasting or prediction based on previous data. This paper analyses the time series method of forecasting.

This study examines the relationship between socio economic and demographic factors on the child health status by employing Logistic Regression Model. For this the data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006-07 was utilized. Education affects the capacity and the behaviors of the people living in the various regions along with some other explanatory variables. It was found that child’s health depends directly or indirectly on parental education and health acquiring activities. Parents with improved social status, protected source of water and access towards health services had better status of their child health. Death rate of child was found high among children of small aged mothers. Increase in birth space diminishes the chances of death and sickness of child. First order births faced great risk of death and sickness. Health care matter like maternal and fetal care in expecting period, delivery place and person who assisted during child birth also impact child physical condition. Research study suggested that Literacy rate should be enhanced to develop the understanding about reproductive health and to optimise the use of accessible health resources. Training and skills should provide to traditional birth attendants and enhance their contacts with professional health staff.

Oral drug delivery systems being the most economy and leads the worldwide drug delivery market. The major drawback in oral drug formulations is low and varying bioavailability, which mainly results from poor aqueous solubility. It is estimated that 40% of active substances are poorly water soluble. Among the various available approaches to improve the oral bioavailability of these molecules, the use of self-emulsified drug delivery systems (SEDDS) has been shown to be reasonably successful in improving the oral bioavailability. However, traditional preparations of SEDDS are usually prepared in the liquid state which produces some disadvantages, such as high production costs, low drug incompatibility and stability, drugs leakage and precipitation. To overcome this problem solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS), prepared by solidification of liquid/semisolid selfemulsifying (SE) ingredients into powders, have gained popularity. The S-SEDDS not only increase the solubility of the drug, but also exhibits the advantages of solid dosage form. The present review explains the recent trends in Solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) with regard to the selection of lipid systems for current formulations, solidification techniques and the development of solid SE (self-emulsifying) dosage forms and their related problems and possible future research directions.

This paper presents an approach to the development of a speaker independent, continuous word Speech Recognition System for a large vocabulary. The feature extraction is based on Mel-scaled Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and template matching employs Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). In general, efficiency of the speech recognition system in noise free environment is impressive. But, in the presence of environmental noise the efficiency of the speech recognition system deteriorates drastically. As an attempt to overcome this drawback, Spectral Subtraction (SS) is used for de-noising the speech signal before feature extraction and Convolutional Noise Removal is performed after feature extraction.

Holigarna species are medicinal plants that widely used in India but the exactly active component and medicinal activity such as anticancer activity is not well known. In the present study total polyphenols, antioxidants, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the water and methanolic bark extracts of Holigarna arnottiana and H. ferruginea were analysed by standard protocols. In methanol higher yield extract was obtained when compared to aqueous in both plant species. The antioxidant activity of the bark extracts of two species of Holigarna was found to be in the range of 685 to 1397 mM Fe (II)/g raw material in aqueous and methanolic extract. The results also proved that antioxidant activity is related to plant constituents including polyphenol content in the extract. The methanolic extract showed a good antibacterial activity compared to aqueous extract over Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, as these pathogens can be controlled using bark extract of both the plants. The methanolic bark extracts exhibited antifungal activity against tested both fungal pathogens.The cell lines treated with methanolic extract possessed higher percentage of cell viability compared to aqueous extracts in both the plant species. Up to 50µg/mL of methanolic bark extract, the viability is above 60% then it decreases and inhibition increases and thereby proved its anticancer activity.

Four new cationic surfactants based on sulphonamide were synthesized. Their chemical structures were confirmed using, FTIR, H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The surface active properties of the synthesized surfactants were calculated from surface tension measurements at different temperatures .The performance of these surfactants as corrosion inhibitors for X-65 type carbon steel in oil wells formation water under H2S environment was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The obtained results showed that the percentage inhibition efficiency (?%) was increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration until the critical micelle concentration (CMC) reached. Also, it was found that inhibition efficiency was increased by increasing both molecular size of the surfactant and introducing ethylene oxide units in the surfactant molecule. The data obtained from (EIS) was analyzed to model the corrosion inhibition process through equivalent circuit. Finally, the nature of the protective film formed on carbon steel surface was examined by SEM and EDX techniques.

The primary concern of this study was whether there is a relationship among teachers' feedback and type of class (task-based or traditional) ,feedback in education has got various types and fields ,but tutor's feedback to students errors was the researcher's concern.How the tutor corrected the learners in these two kinds of classes can show the researchrers and tutors the effects of feedbacks on learning and teaching and also communicating.To aim this,The researcher examined the students in two groups and examining the teachers' feedback to defining four types of learners errors (M orphosyntax , Semantic, Phonological, Lexical ).Task which was taught in TB class was ordering and matching . Using various sorts of tasks in order to improve students performance in real world (Skehan 1996a).The method which used to analysis data was be Chi-square.The results of the present study revealed that there was no significant relationship between type of class and tutor's feedback .

Background: During the embryonic development, a complex program defines the normal neural tube development, alteration in this process, results in Neural Tube Defects (NTD). Aim: The present study found the effects of progesterone, more than the physiological value in neural tube development of chick embryos. Materials and methods: 240 fertile, pathogen-free eggs, incubated at 37.50C and 75% relative humidity until the embryos reached stage ten of development. The eggs were divided into five equal groups. Statistical Analysis Used: None. Conclusions: Our study showed that progesterone at the ten and twenty times more than its physiological values caused NTDs.

The aim of the present paper is to obtain the distribution of mixed sum of two independent random variables with different probability density functions. One with probability density function defined in finite range and the other with probability density function defined in infinite range and associated with product of Srivastava’s polynomials and Aleph-function. We use the Laplace transform and its inverse to obtain our main result. The result obtained here is quite general in nature and is capable of yielding a large number of corresponding new and known results merely by specializing the parameters involved therein. To illustrate, some special cases of our main result are also given.

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a non-traditional machining processes that involved a transient spark discharges through the fluid due to the potential difference between the electrode and the work piece. In this experiment, EDM process on mild steel workpiece was conducted EDM Die Sinking Neu-ar. The electrodes used were copper, brass and graphite. This project is to be conducted using Taguchi method L4 orthogonal array. The parameters to be studied are peak current (12A and 21A), discharge ON time (10µs and 45 µs) and pumping direction (B0 and B1). This research aims to study the factors that influencing the machining of different electrodes in electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. Surface roughness was measured using surface roughness tester (SJ-301). Material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear ratio were determined based on weighting the workpiece and electrode using digital weight scale. Then, the result of the experiment was analyzed by using EXCEL. The higher material removal rate in the EDM machine, the better is the machining performance while the lower electrodes wear ratio in the EDM machine is the better and accurate performance characteristic. The results show that copper electrode gives higher material removal rate which is 0.411 g/min than brass and graphite. Brass electrode gives better surface finishing which is 15 ?m and graphite electrodes give the better electrode wear rate which is 0.53 among two electrodes. Key words: Electrical Discharge Machining, Surface Roughness, Material Removal Rate, Electrode Wear Ratio.