Archives-December 

The present study deals with the comparative study of the quality requirements for the drugs that are injected into the body; during their production and for finished drugs. The concept of total quality control test refers to the process of striving to produce a quality product by a series of measures, requiring an organized effort in order to eliminate errors at every stage in the production. Product testing during the production is done in order to check the conformance of the final product with the standards as specified in the official book of drugs (pharmacopoeias) specific to each country. The test parameters have been discussed and taken from the official book of drugs issued by the respective authorities for India, US and UK. However, the parameters and standards differ from each other to some extent. Hence, an attempt is made to bring out the harmonized standards for a product so that it satisfies the quality requirements for many regions. The parameters as per the standards were compared and certain similarities and differences were observed. It was noted that except for a few parameters, the quality control tests were broadly similar.

Plantain banana are staple crops in DR Congo. These are superficially rooted monocot plants that require a continuous nutrient enrichment mechanism to maintain production, which decreases considerably after a few crop cycles. In burn agriculture, significant nutrient losses are recorded by various mechanisms. This research shows that cropping plantain banana in association with trees makes it possible to increase more not only the production of these on the unburned field in association with the trees, but also and above all to improve the yield of plantains in burned field in association with trees unlike burned cropping without the presence of trees where thirds of low yields are recorded.

The present research studies the ceremonies about birth and impregnation in Abarkooh city, Iran. Abarkooh is one of the cities of Yazd Province, Iran, that is of great importance to do anthropology and historical researched, due to its old and rich cultural record. Customs and ceremonies about the birth in Iranian culture are more interesting and considerable. They are conventions that are more considerable in male chauvinistic Iranian society. Society in which women have always been surrounded within a four-way intersection, appealing to any superstition for the purpose of being pregnant was considered a usual affair. In such a society, the female barren had no place for herself in her society as well as among the members of her own family, thus, taking this fact into account, the importance of giving birth to offspring will fully be understood. This paper attempts to investigate the beliefs related to pregnancy and birth.

Suspension Polymerization was used for the synthesizing of cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) containing 16% DVB. For application of these resins as columns’ filler in ion-exchange chromatography; the sulfonation reactions were done by acetyl sulfate and in the presence of methylene chloride as solvent at 60°C. The exchange capacities of cation exchange resins X-16 (CE=225 meq/100g) was determined by titration procedure. The structure of PS-DVB resin was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. The SEM images showed that the porous structure of PS-DVB resin was approximately maintained intact after sulfonation reaction. TGA and FTIR techniques were used to investigate the thermo gravimetric analysis and structures of obtained resins, respectively.

Interruptions in hydroelectric energy damage equipment and reduce worker productivity. Manufacturing leaders in Zambia who fail to implement strategies to manage hydroelectricity interruptions risk financial losses. Grounded in the contingency theory (CT), the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies that some manufacturing leaders use to manage hydroelectricity interruptions. The participants were six managers from different manufacturing industries based in Lusaka, Zambia, who implemented strategies to manage hydropower interruptions. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and reviews of company documents, company websites, and publications from the Zambia Association of Manufacturers related to managing hydroelectricity power interruptions. Thematic analysis was used to understand and discern the data. The important emergent theme was the importance of investment in stabilizers and storage facilities. A key recommendation from the findings, is to ensure an appropriate level of investment in alternative power-generating equipment and upgrading of plant transformers. The investment and the strategic outcomes from substantive investments in preventing energy disruptions are in the impetus for job creation, and the consequent positive social change with arising from fueling the local economy and subsequent tax base.

This study was designed to establish the project based factors influencing the supply of safe water in Kenya with Mombasa County as a case study. The Government and private organizations have established many water projects but most of them have been characterized with low levels of sustainability. Some of them have become un-operational requiring rehabilitation. Inspite of the existing projects, the water supply is still inadequate. To address the problem, this study identified four specific objectives, namely; to establish the influence of project planning on the supply of safe water, to establish the influence of project risk management on the supply of safe water, to determine the effect of project quality control management on the supply of safe water and to determine the effect of project monitoring and evaluation on the supply of safe water. The hypotheses used were geared towards establishing the influence of water projects? planning, risk management, quality management and monitoring & evaluation, on the supply of safe water. All the variables are interrelated. Project planning includes plans in all the project knowledge areas such as quality and risk management which touch on all deliverables and processes. M&E is also done on deliverables and processes, in reference to the agreement made during project planning. The study sought to assist the national and county governments in the sustained provision of safe water. The theories of sustainability, participation and project management were analyzed in relation to the supply of safe water. The participation theory discussed the unity of the beneficiaries for the sake of water projects. Sustainability theory discussed the long term water benefits. Whereas, the project management theory put emphasis on the water projects? processes.

Radon is one of the most important radioactive elements which are released by natural decay of available uranium and radium in the ground. The presence of the gas is common in various drinking water sources. As a way of prevention, we have measured the activities of radon for sixty-four (64) drinking water samples collected from boreholes and hand-dug wells. This study was conducted during the dry season (December-January) of 2016. The samples were collected from sixty-four (64) water sources (boreholes and hand-dug wells). The concentration of radon was evaluated using solid state nuclear track detector LR-115 type II, with an active layer of 12 ?m on a 100 ?m clear base. The minimum radon concentration in the water sources was 30.17 Bq/m3 (hand-dug well) and the maximum amount was calculated as 115.33 Bq/m3(borehole). Based on the results, radon concentration of the drinking water sources was below the permitted levels of EPA and WHO guidelines. These activities do not present any health risk to the community.

Tax is a compulsory levy on individual or organisation by the government as a statutory obligation. The classical function of the tax system is the raising of revenue to meet government expenditures. Exempt income is an income liable to be taxed by law but expressly excluded by another provision of the law. Tax exemption refers to a monetary exemption which reduces taxable income. Tax exemptions are granted specifically to specialized companies, religious, charitable, or non-governmental organisations and so on in relation to income derived by them. Basically, these organisations enjoy favourable tax treatments because of their exempt status. Though, tax exemption has been criticized as a subsidy granted by legislative grace to these organisations performing services that the government would have to perform and that such a subsidy relieves the exempt organisation of tax obligations that other tax payers are often obliged to assume. However, be that as it may, the objective of this paper is to critically re-appraise the tax exemptions granted to these organisations and buttress that the tax exemption granted them do not extend to where they derive income from trade or any other business carried out by them.

Reading is a valuable source of input and plays a major role in the process of language learning. It helps learners gain information, broadens their understanding of different subjects, and thus assists them in achieving their academic goals (Renandya & Jacobs, 2002). One of the main methods to enhance easy, joyful and active reading is through the utilization of reading strategies. The present article is a synthesis and review of the most recent studies in the field of reading strategies in Iran.

Abdollahi, Akbari, and Maimani put forward a conjecture named AAM's Conjecture as follows. If is a finite nonabelian simple group and is a group such that, then .In this note, we prove that if is a finite nonabelian simple group with, then ,where is the alternating group of degree 16.