Archives-December 

Multiligand homobinuclear complex of Cobalt (II) has been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, FTIR, TA and DSC. The complex has been assigned empirical formula as [Co(Phen.)₂(MEOA)Cl₄]H₂O. Presence of chloride, monoethanolamine ( MEOA), 1,10- phenanthroline (phen.) and metal-metal bond is verified by FTIR absorption peaks.  The appearance of ? (M-O), ? (M-N) and ? (M-O-H) bending mode supports the coordination of monoethanolamine via both oxygen and nitrogen, hence acting as a bidentate bridging ligand between two cobalt (II) centers. The coordination of 1, 10-phenanthroline has been proved by antisymmetric vibrations besides fundamental vibrations of coordinated 1,10-phenanthroline. Thermal kinetics of the complex has been studied by TG and DSC techniques. Thermal analysis shows the expulsion of water molecules in the first step below 150ºC, which verifies the presence of water as lattice water. The thermal analysis has been carried out in nitrogen atmosphere up to 800ºC. Thermograms obtained confirm FTIR data and hence supports the empirical formula. On the basis of thermal data, thermal decomposition mechanism has been proposed for the complex. Thermodynamic parameters like activation energy (E_a), pre-exponential factor (A) and entropy of activation (?S^#) has been calculated for each decomposition step, using Dolye’s, Coats and Redfern and Arrhenius method. The trend of these parameters is found to be same for all the methods involved. The reaction enthalpy is obtained from DSC technique. It shows both exothermic and endothermic peaks. The structure as depicted by empirical and FTIR spectroscopy is also proposed.

Good quality single crystals of a new semi organic Bis p- Nitrophenol Magnesium chloride (BPNPMC) were grown from solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystal have been confirmed by single crystal X-Ray Diffraction Method. UV -Vis transmission and absorption studies reveals that the grown crystal were optically transparent through the visible range. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals have been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). In the dielectric studies, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal were measured as a function of frequency and various temperatures. The optical studies indicate the sample, optical transparency window is quite wide, making it suitable for NLO applications. Micro hardness studies were carried out to confirm the mechanical behavior of the crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) test has been confirmed by the Kurtz powder test and its efficiency 1.73 times higher than that of KDP.

This exploratory study investigates the relationship among teacher hope, reflection and efficacy and explores the amount of variability it is predicted to be made by the impact they cause on each other among Iranian ELT Teachers. To this end 100 school and institute ELT teachers answered a set of questionnaires, consisting of Snyder's Adult Trait Hope Scale, Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) teacher self-efficacy scale (TSES), and Akbari, et al. (2010) teacher reflection instrument. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between teacher's hope, reflection and efficacy among Iranian ELT teachers. The results of the multiple regressions also indicated that hope subscales could predict a significant amount of variability in teacher reflection and efficacy components. Also teacher reflection subscales could predict a significant amount of variability in teacher efficacy components and vice versa. The pedagogical implications of the study such as the constructive role of hope, reflection and efficacy in teacher improvement, creation of a teacher hope instrument, and the production of strategies to augment these characteristics in ELT teachers by teacher educators and policymakers are also discussed.

A passive conversion layer was fabricated from C2 solution (with the composition of 5g Cr(III)/ L, compound producing complex 16 g/L, pH = 9) containing nano-silica particles with the content of 5 g/L, on zinc coated samples denoted as M9-5. In this condition, silica particles were dispersed well in the solution with the particles size of about 87 nm. M9-5 samples do not contain a toxic component of Cr(VI) and were significantly reinforced in anti-corrosion ability in comparison to the zinc coated samples. In addition, M9-5 samples have ability to self correct when it is scratched. This ability is the most important property of conversion layer which can reinforce the anti-corrosion property of the samples.

To retain the existing human resource, especially the expert and active ones, is of the main goals of each organization. The management tries to maintain the human resources by increasing their job satisfaction. Lack of attention to employees' job satisfaction leads to numerous problems of the most important is job turnover. Given this fact that most the factors affect the job satisfaction similarly affect the organizational commitment, according to scholars, there exists a significant relationship between them. Accordingly, after reviewing the literature relating to job satisfaction and turnover, the purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave. In doing so, 224 employees of warehouse and logistics of Raazi Petrochemical Company were investigated by distributing the questionnaires and 200 well-qualified ones were returned. Gathered data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique. Research results indicated that the tested model is goodly fitted to data, and all the four hypotheses were statistically confirmed. In general, results of this study indicated the efficiency of proposed model for decreasing the under-study employees' intention to leave. Finally, some practical and research implications were provided for the statistical population, which can be utilized considering the research limitations.

The study is conducted in order to identify the role of Non-Governmental organizations in community development in Ideato North LGA of Imo State. The objective of the study is to examine the role of non-governmental organizations in community development in Ideato North Local Government Area of Imo State. Three research questions were raised for the study while three hypotheses were formulated. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The population size is 118,519 while the sample size is 100, and to get the sample size, the Taro Yamani formula was used. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. The data collected was subjected to simple validity and reliability tests. The analysis of the data was based on statistical frequency tables, and chi-square x technique was used to test the level of significance. Some of the findings were that non-governmental organization has helped in the rapid community development in Ideato North. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for improvement. Serious efforts were made by the NGO's to bring about a uniform development in the communities in Ideato North LGA of Imo State.

This paper is on the growing importance of Human Resource Information System and High Performance Work System’s perspective for small and medium-sized enterprises. There are a lot of small firms that experience crucial HRIS difficulties, but in the same manner, HPWS also act a main role in developing and sustaining their competitive resources in employee performances. The main focus of this research paper is to explore the different aspects and also analyze barriers which occur during the implementation of its practices as well as study the IT and HPWS approach influence on training and developments, performance management and recruitment. To present a comprehensive literature review of these practices in Pakistani SMEs, we did Qualitative descriptive survey research.

We have studied the impact of CMEs on the ionospheric critical frequency foF2 during the period 1996-2013. We have correlated the monthly maximum values of foF2 with monthly averages of CME’s energy, mass and speed; we found that the correlation coefficient R is 74%, 52% and 65% respectively. This indicates that the energetic, massive and fast CMEs can affect the ionospheric critical frequency foF2 more efficiently. In addition, the monthly average CME’s width correlates with the monthly maximum foF2 with R~57%. This implies that as the width of the CME increases, the possibility of this event to hit the Earth increases and the ionospheric-targeted area increases, thus the foF2 values; as an implication of increasing the ionization of the ionosphere; subsequently increases.

Pollution of inland waters by agricultural, industrial and municipal wastes is a global problem and a common phenomenon in developing countries. These anthropogenic activities within the landscape facilitate the transfer of nutrients into aquatic ecosystems, sometimes leading to eutrophication which has adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. Deposition of nutrient-rich sediments washed into rivers and stream is common during rainy season in places where the riparian buffer zones have been destroyed. River Isiukhu watershed land use comprises sugar-cane farm, forested, peri-urban and mixed agriculture from upstream to downtream. The research employed stratified random sampling. Nitrate-nitrogen was determined through ultra-violet screening spectrophotometric method while phosphate-phosphorus through ascorbic acid method. Data analyses were done using Statistical Analysis System, version 9.1. Land use had a significant effect of both nitrate-nitrogen (F=1372.25, p<0.05) and phosphate-phosphorus concentrations. Peri-urban and mixed agricultural land uses recorded higher concentrations of these two nutrients while the forest land use recorded the lowest. The study showed that the type of riparian land use land cover influences nutrient concentrations in a water body and is an important area to be focused on by watershed managers.

The hexavalent chromium present in waste water has adverse affect on aquatic life and humans. Various methods are available for the removal of hexavalent chromium includes chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reduction, electrochemical precipitation, solvent extraction, membrane separation, evaporation, foam separation and biosorption. Among these, biosorption is one of the low cost separation technique for the removal of chromium using agricultural waste as adsorbents which are cheap and readily available and also has the advantage of practical replacement to conventional processes. The kinetic models and adsorption isotherms for the efficient removal of hexavalent chromium are presented from various sources. The present review elaborate the findings of hexavalent chromium removal with the maximum metal uptake, adsorption parameters using agricultural wastes as adsorbents