Archives-December 

Allegorical metaphor is a kind of explicit metaphor in which the elliptic tenor as an abstract form of multiple grounds is compared to an explicit vehicle which is an abstract from of multiple grounds either. This figure of speech is a verbal masterpiece of human being and soaring beyond the heaven of the poetic images which has always had many controversies regarding its quality and quantity during its historical course. This descriptive article using content analysis attempts to study and compare the various and different opinions of the scholars of the art of the scheme from commencing of this term to the art of Arabic and Persian rhetoric up to present time to provide the interested readers of the art of the scheme and device of metaphor with a thorough understanding of the historical course and evolution of that figure.

Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one has been prepared in two steps from galactose. The first step potassium-2,3,4,5-tetrahedroxypentanoate was obtained in 64% yield and the title compound has been isolated in next step with 75% yield. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, mass and microanalysis study.

Some metal(II) complexes of mixed ligands-dimethydithiocarbamic and p-aminobenzoic acids were synthesized (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) and characterized by solubility, percentage metal, conductivity, infrared and electronic spectra measurements. Infrared data showed that the dimethydithiocarbamic and p-aminobenzoic acids coordinated through the sulphur atoms, and the carboxylate oxygen atoms to the metal atoms respectively. Electronic spectra and room temperature magnetic moments corroborated equilibrium between high spin and low spin octahedral geometry (spin-crossover) for the Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes, while the Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were octahedral and mononuclear. The antimicrobial activities of the metal complexes against Escherichia spp, Streptococcus spp, Proteus sp, Candida sp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus sp and Pseudomonas spp showed that the Mn(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) complexes had very good antimicrobial activities against these microbes with inhibitory zones range of 7.0-20.0, 7.0-20.0 and 9.0-27.0 mm respectively, just like Streptomycin (7.0-29.0 mm) proving their potentials as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents in-vitro.

The aim of this article is to analyze the role of metadata in the use of learning objects. Firstly, an overview of metadata is provided and the role of educational metadata for learning objects is considered. Then the purposes, the uses and the values of metadata are investigated in this regard. In the continuation, the study reviews other related issues such as metadata categories, metadata creation, and metadata attributes or characteristics. Finally a collaborative approach for metadata creation is proposed. This research concludes that metadata has an invaluable role in facilitating the widespread use of learning objects.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial diseases caused by complex between genetic, lifestyle and environment risk factor; T2DM has also been recognized as an immune mediated disease leading to impaired insulin signaling and selective destruction of insulin producing beta cells in which cytokines play an important role. This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-6 gene polymorphism (-174G>C) with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in Iraqi population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 diabetic patients and 50 apparently healthy individuals from both genders. DNA was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was carried out to detect polymorphism at the -174 position of IL-6 gene and determined the genotype for Iraqi population. The results revealed that the GG genotype in diabetic was significantly (p?0.05) lower than control group (64% versus 74%, respectively) while the GC genotype in diabetic was significantly (p?0.05) higher than control group (32% versus 22%, respectively), and there was no significant difference between diabetic and control group in the CC genotype with a non significant differences in either G or C allelic frequencies between diabetic patients and control group. The results of the present study indicate that heterozygous GC genotype was associated with the incidence of T2DM.

Refrigeration is the applied science which deals with reducing the temperature of a confined space and its content to a predetermined level that is below the ambient temperature. The design of a cooling table is presented. The cooling table is an innovative application in refrigeration system design. The table is a multipurpose table for maintaining a low product temperature whilst still being able to carry out other activities on the table like a conventional table. The design covers thecompressor, condenser, evaporator, table frame, table top, cabinet volume and the covers. The prototype design requires a 70W compressor for three participants.

In this paper we analyse that how the firms manage carbon footprints in inventory management under the carbon emission trading scheme. Today’s modern world the carbon emission is one of the main sources for the global warming, so every mankind have the responsibility for reducing the carbon emission to mitigate global warming. It is generally accepted that carbon emission trading is one of the most effective market based mechanism to prohibit the amount of carbon emission. AmulyaGurtu, Mohammed Y.Jaber discussed the following result in their model paper “Impact of fuel price and carbon emission on inventory policies” [App.Mathematical Modelling, 39(2015) 1202-12016]. In that paper they mentioned that the order cost and lot sizes are affected by changes in fuel price, emission tax, fuel consumption, distance travelled. Now we expanded the above paper by introducing the emission minimizing policies such as a cap and trade system in the two level supply chain.Under the cap and trade system we explain about the carbon price and transfer quantity of carbon emission. We also provide the numerical example for better understanding.

It is probable that performance in mathematics at the standard eight classes in Kenya is a reflection of the pupil’s mathematical ability carried forward from standards seven, six and other classes of the primary tier. Gender disparities have persisted in the general performance of this subject, with notable differences in topics like geometry and algebraic fractions at secondary level. This study set out to investigate the influence of gender and age on computation of fractions by the primary pupils in Kenya and its findings were hoped to make a difference in performance of similar topics at secondary school level. The research was carried out in Bungoma County, Kenya. It involved 320 pupils and 8 teachers of mathematics from 8 primary schools. Data were collected by means of a diagnostic test for pupils and a questionnaire for teachers of mathematics. Inferential statistics, namely the t-test and the Pearson r, and frequency distributions were used in data analysis. The study revealed that the pupils had some knowledge of fractions but they encountered a lot of difficulties in computing work on fractions, which limited their level of understanding the topic and that gender had little or no influence on the pupils’ ability to compute fractions at the primary level; while age did. On the basis of the findings, the researcher recommends that teachers be sensitized on age differences in the learning of fractions.

Repeated attempts at surgical repair of serious complications involving either the partial or complete breakdown of the hypospadias repair are less likely to succeed because the penisis densely scarred, or significantly shortened, and the skin over the penisis immobile and hypovascular. Buccal mucosa (BM) has become the preferred material for reconstruction, whenever a child with skin-deficient hypospadias needs reoperation. We report the results of our surgical experience with staged reoperation using BM, in the repair of hypospadias a patient of 22 years with complications after multiple failed repairs.

A twelve week nutritional study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean with copra meal on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus. Two hundred and ten Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with mean weight+/- 14.43g were stocked at a rate of (14) fourteen juveniles per treatment and replicated three times. The fish were subjected to five different dietary treatments with varying levels of copra meal replacing soybean at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Feeding rate of 3% body weight per day was adopted. Fish growth was monitored regularly by weighing every two weeks. The mean weight gain(MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), percentage weight gain (PWG) were significantly different (p< 0.05) and highest values (14.28g, 98.96% 68.79%/day) were recorded respectively for fish fed diet 5 (40% copra meal) while fish fed diet 3 (20% copra meal) had the least values of MWG, PWG and SGR ( 60.52g,83.16% and 60.52%/day) respectively. Treatment 5 had the least feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93, showing this treatment to be highly efficient while treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 had the highest values ranging between 2.10 – 2.11 The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and gross feed conversion efficiency (GFCE)were significantly different (P<0.05). Highest values of PER and GFCE (1.73, 51.80%) were recorded for treatment 5 and least values of 0.84 and 47.30% were found in treatment 3 respectively. The positive relationship observed between the growth parameters and the level of copra meal in the diet showed that African cat fish can utilize Copra meal efficiently to improve growth. It was therefore concluded that up to 40% copra meal could adequately and efficiently replace soybean meal without any adverse effect on Clarias gariepinus diets.