Archives-December 

Density, Viscosity and Ultrasound velocity of Tetra ethyl lead in aqueous NaOH and aqueous KOH have been measured at varying concentrations at 30oC. The derived acoustic parameters like specific acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), relative association (Ra), isentropic compressibility (?s) etc. have been calculated using density, viscosity and ultrasound velocity data. These parameters are used to discuss the nature and extent of intermolecular interactions in the mixture.

The study investigated the impact of landfill leachate on groundwater quality for communities surrounding the landfill site at Abloradjei in the Greater Accra of Ghana. Four (4) boreholes at various distances, R1-50m, R2-100m, R3-250m and R4-400m, away from the position of the Abloradjei landfill site were monitored for three months. The results from the physicochemical water quality monitoring parameters of the boreholes from the various distances: R1-(17NTU), R2-(8NTU), R3-(42NTU) and R4-(12NTU) and pH at R1-6.44, R2-6.10, R3-6.33 and R4-6.78 fell outside the specified WHO (2004) Standard Guideline limit of drinking water. The results of bacteriological analysis of the water samples: R1-(3276 Cfu/100ml), R2-(884Cfu/100ml) and R3-(676Cfu/100ml), R4-(1404Cfu/100ml) also showed an inference of growth indicating some sort of possible contamination and hence the water was not safe for drinking.

Learning objects provide easily accessible and individualized learning facilitated through flexible deployment of networks of small, reusable components from multiple sources. A good learning object helps students understand a worthwhile concept accurately, concretely, and well-presented. They also take students through a structured experience that draws on creative pedagogy. Despite their time-honored use and discussion in the area of information technology, learning objects are still the Cinderella sister of the other materials and objects used in education. The aim of this article is, therefore, to investigate the role of learning objects in enabling and enhancing learning. Firstly, learning objects are defined and the evolution of the learning object movement is explored. Then the need for learning objects is considered and the attributes or characteristics of learning objects are examined. The structure of learning content and the issue of granularity is also investigated. Finally, the benefits and risks associated with adopting a learning object approach are considered and learning object repositories are investigated.

Equity markets are the reflection of macro-economic policies of the state is generally considered as a controversial hypothesis. Therefore it is required to explore the relationship among economic variables and equity prices in context to Pakistan economy. This study comprised on monthly data regarding to the period (6/2004-6/2010). Variables under study are Foreign exchange rate, Money supply M1, Inflation rate, Interest rate, Industrial production index and Karachi stock exchange (KSE 100 index). Descriptive statistics, Augmented dickey fuller test, Johansen’s cointgeration test is used to test the hypothesis and for the purpose of impact study, Ordinary least squares applied. The results indicate that only Interest rates have long run relationship to the equity market. All remaining variables have negative while interest rate has a positive, but having insignificant impact on the equity returns. The results are not favored in predicting the equity returns in Pakistan context.

The continuing evolution of business needs and technology makes Web applications more demanding in terms of development, usability and interactivity of their user interfaces. To cope with this complexity, several frameworks have emerged and a new type of Web applications called RIA (Rich Internet Applications) has recently appeared providing richer and more efficient graphical components similar to desktop applications. Given this diversity of solutions, the generation of a code based on UML models has become important. This paper presents the application of the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) to generate, from the UML model, the Code following the MVP pattern (Model-View-Presenter) for a RIA. We adopt GWT (Google web Toolkit) for creating a target meta-model to generate an entire GWT-based web application.

We are very happy to announce that from 24th March 2017, Mr. Sadeq Al Yaari-Brief has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Neurolinguistics. The appointment of Mr. Sadeq Al Yaari-Brief as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

In Indian education system, there has always been discussion on the issue of English language---whether to marginalize it or to abolish it—by politicians and educationists. Some say that it is the symbol of slavery and colonialism; others say that its use has created a gap in the society, while many advocate for total abolition as it is the outcome of Lord Macaulay’s education system that has created Indian babus (clerks).The aim of the author in this paper is to present the condition English language in Indian backward society on the one hand and to suggest some measures to learn and improve this language, particularly for the learners to whom it is a second language. For, it is observed that the people, who are financially well off, prefer to send their children to the institutions where English is the medium of education and where its use shows a sense of pride.

In this article, the problem of optimal control of time-invariant linear singular systems with quadratic performance index has been studied using Runge-Kutta (RK) method based on various means. The obtained discrete solutions are compared with the exact solutions of the time-invariant optimal control of linear singular systems. It is observed that the result obtained using Runge-Kutta arithmetic mean (RKAM) and RKCeM (Runge-Kutta Centroidal Mean) are closer to the true solutions of the problem. Error graphs for the simulated results and exact solutions are presented in a graphical form to highlight the efficiency of this RKAM and RKCeM. This RKAM and RKCeM can be easily implemented in a digital computer and the solution can be obtained for any length of time for this type of optimal control of time-invariant linear singular systems and it is an added advantage of this method.

Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organization culture theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 9 pioneering people (Schein, Martin, Ouchi, and Cooperrider & Whitney) main principles of the classical organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 mentions strengths and weaknesses of the classical organizational theory and section 5 discusses and concludes the paper.

Work ethic of employees in the organization in terms of behavior and social interaction, value judgments, Including individual attitudes and values, as well as to reflect external behavior of these attitudes and values. Article formed from the concept of the work ethic, the structure and measurement of relevant empirical research, cross-cultural comparison study, five aspects, presentation and evaluation of the work ethic Research organization. The article concluded that the work ethic future research trends.