Archives-December 

Usually calculated by calculating the absolute poverty line, with poverty as well as the limitations due to lack of access to accurate data is how to choose the items needed for low-income groups, is confronting. On the other hand, the determination of relative poverty rather than poverty, inequality shows. This paper inequality poverty and its causes in society, with an emphasis on equality of society makes. Show the causes and consequences of poverty in our communities, especially Iran could use the attention of planners and policy makers socio - economic placed. Because the consequences of any social phenomenon causes can be the starting point and deal with of the phenomenon Poverty and social inequalities in society.

The proximate and anti-nutritional composition of “ntiti-ikpa” and “ntubiri”, diets of Ikwerre people was studied. The diets were prepared following their traditional methods of preparation. Results of proximate contents revealed the presence of high carbohydrates, fibre and proteins in the studied samples. Anti-nutrients such as tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, phyates were also detected in the studied samples. Aside being anti-nutrients, some of the anti-nutrient compounds could as well be beneficial to the body. This study has shown the proximate and anti-nutritional composition of “ntiti-ikpa” and “ntubiri” diets.

A steady two dimensional free convective flow of an electrically conducting and radiating micropolar fluid along an inclined flat plate is investigated, by taking variable electrical conductivity, uniform surface heat flux and mass flux into account. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically by a fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. A parametric study is conducted to illustrate the effects of the governing parameters namely, micro-inertia density parameter, vertex viscosity parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, radiation parameter, Schmidt number and Prandtl number on the velocity, temperature and concentration as well as skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

Although Lagos, Nigeria is classified among the largest cities in the world, there are uncertainties about whether its quest to become a global city can materialize if its growth continues to be inundated by problems of shelter deprivation. The current population estimate of Lagos is over 17.0 million. It is known that 60-70% of this figure are scattered among the 200 officially recognized slum settlements in the city. The implication is that the quality of life of many urban dwellers that constitute the human resource base of the city will be compromised if prompt measures are not taken. This paper hypothesizes that one sure way for Lagos to climb the global urban hierarchy is for it to initiate urban changes in the form of adopting a real estate strategy that focuses on counter-measures against the prevalence of shelter deprivation. The study examines the experiences of cities in countries that share similar historical antecedents with Lagos. Different perspectives of the real estate strategy employed by different countries in their attempt to attract foreign investments are discussed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the dimensions of real estate strategy that could be applicable in the Lagos context.

The present study examines the relationship between individual characteristics and effectiveness of human resources staff of the University of Kermanshah focuses light. This descriptive study based on survey and is branching out. Inventory data is collected. In order to measure the individual characteristics of human resources At standard questionnaire "Bass, and AldryjValnzy" and part of the questionnaire has been developed based on the model used is Talkut Parsons The reliability of individual features 0.85 and the reliability of the 0.87 was obtained Both the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha over 0.7 are thus the reliability of both questionnaires were required. Statistical volume of about 470 employees Glider (non-faculty members) are Based on the sample was selected as the Morgan Dujy 270 finally 291 questionnaires were collected. For the normal data obtained from the Kolmogorof test - Nuf smear was normal and the test results confirmed the data. Spearman correlation test research hypotheses, were approved And normal test results confirmed the data Hypothesis test of solidarity with my Speer, were approved and they proved positive and significant effect This means that the individual characteristics of human resources is stronger The study population will increase the effectiveness of staff.

Modern teaching is characterized by interaction, communication and participation. It is believed that an interactive class must incorporate participation in order to assure learner centered teaching and better results. Brainstorming is one of the popular techniques of participative approach to decision making which can be employed in a pedagogic situation as well. The present study is of exploratory type. It uses descriptive approach of research, however questionnaires have been used to elicit primary data from the concerned samples. The findings show that brainstorming is a useful technique of teaching which catches attention of both the teachers and learners.

After more than a decade of derivatives trading in Indian bourses, our markets have experienced a sea change in activity, behavior and trade in different instruments and products available. Here in this paper, we have examined and compared which market among cash and futures reacts to the flow of information faster and hence leads the other. A cross correlation test followed by Granger casualty, VAR and GARCH models establish relationship between returns and volatilities being experienced by some of the blue chip sensex stocks in two different markets. Our results suggest that there exists a strong bi-directional and contemporaneous relationship among the returns in the spot and futures market. The results for few stocks indicate lagged futures return coefficient is significant which means futures play a leading role in explaining the movement in the spot market. Also for some other stocks, exact reverse situation is observed showing significant leading futures return coefficient which means spot market returns lead the other. As far as interdependence among stock return volatility is concerned, it has been found that for more number of stocks, volatility spillover from futures to spot market is significant. This implies that stock futures market play a leading role both in terms of return and volatility thereby contributing in price discovery process.

In this paper, the entropy generation of a fully developed laminar flow in annularsector ducts with constant wall heat flux is investigated. Entropy generation is obtained for various aspect ratio (?), various sector angels (2?), various wall heat flux and various Reynolds number. It is found that with the increasing aspect ratio (?) and sector angels (2?) values, total entropy generation and pumping power at fixed Reynolds number increases and with increasing wall heat flux values, total entropy generation increases, however, pumping power decreases.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, women engaged in small scale farming are believed to produce about 80% of crops used in feeding their families. This study was carried out to determine socio-economic factors influencing level of participation of rural women in crop farming in Kakelo Location, Homa Bay County, Kenya. Levels of participation in crop farming were determined with respect to farming activities in which the respondents participated such as land preparation, planting, weeding, pest and disease control, harvesting and storage. The level of participation was determined on a scale of 0 (“no participation”) to 4 (“full participation.”). The study was done using descriptive cross-sectional design involving stratified cluster sampling method to select participants. A sample size of 288 women among a population of 17 812 in the study area was interviewed using questionnaires. Chi-square test was used to establish association between socioeconomic factors and level of participation. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found out that only 21.2% of the respondents reported full participation in crop farming. Women with formal employment reported highest level of 41.7% full participation (X2=0.69, P=0.79). Also, acquisition of education, at least up to high school, improved the level of participation of the women in crop farming (X2=32.92, P=0.00). Education and formal employment increased the women’s access to credit and technical information, which improved level of crop farming. Acreage of cultivated farmland did not appear to have any significant association with level of participation in crop farming. The study revealed that out of the 288 respondents, none of them had ever received any agricultural extension service within the location in the last five years. In conclusion, the fact that only 21.2% of the respondents in Kakelo Location, Homa Bay County, Kenya, reported full participation in crop farming indicated dismal contribution by majority women to improvement of household food security. Therefore, it is recommended that more effort should be put into increasing level of rural women participation in crop farming.

In the present paper, we introduce two functions namely and in terms of K-function introduced recently by Sharma[9] and show their properties by using fractional integrals and derivatives. Results derived in this paper are the extensions of the results derived earlier by Shukla and Prajapati[2].