Archives-December 

Modes are idempotent and entropic algebras. It is well known that each entropic groupoid with surjective operation embeds as a sub reduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring Surprisingly, this is no longer true for modes with operations of larger arity. As shown by M. Stronkowski [4] and [5], a mode embeds as a subreduct into a semimodule over a commutative semiring if and only if it satisfes the so-called Szendrei identities. A simpler proof was then given by D. Stanovsky [3]. Stronkowski also proved that free modes do not satisfy the Szendrei identities, while Stanovsky [3] pro- vided a 3-element example of a mode with one ternary operation (Example 1.1). Medial modes, a natural generalization of normal bands, were investigated by P lonka. Rectangular algebras, a generalization of rectangular bands (diagonal modes) were investigated by P¨oschel and Reichel.

To evaluate the association of SCN1A gene with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Heilongjiang province, Jiamusi city. Blood samples were taken from patients and genomic DNA extracted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify exons 10, 13 and 15 of SCN1A gene, and BstNI restriction enzyme used in digesting PRC products. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique was used to detect gene polymorphism within SNP locus of SCN1A gene: exons 10, 13, and 15 among case and control groups. After screening of 210 blood samples from both case and control groups using PCR-RFLP technique, there was a significant difference between case and control groups’ SCN1A gene exon 13, locus A221G but none for exon 10 and 15. There was a significant difference between case and control groups’ SCN1A gene exon 13, locus A221G. AA genotype on comparison with AG and GG genotypes was found to be the highest risk factor for developing HIE. This study establishes an important foundation for further study on cause, prevention and treatment of neonatal HIE based on the gene mentioned above and other related genes.

This paper focuses on the extent to which the market regulatory environment in the mobile telecommunication industry in Kenya has posed great challenges to new entrants and small operators and frustrated their efforts to counter the continued market leadership and dominance by Safaricom. Debates on ICT regulation in Sub Saharan Africa and the rest of the developing countries were confined to technology and tele-density issues without looking at the social, political, institutional, legal and economic factors that shape industry specific issues. Globally, the telecommunications industry has been viewed as a public utility and public ownership or strong government controls went with that. The argument this paper is premised on is that post liberalization of the telecommunications sector in Kenya, state monopoly of the Kenya Posts and Telecommunication Corporation shifted from government to the private sector oligopoly ( Kerretts, 2005:50, Mureithi, 2008, Manica and Vescovi: 2011:23). There was a shift from structuralism (active role of the state in driving economic development) to neo-liberalism (freeing market forces from government control, reducing taxes, divesting state-owned enterprises, deregulation of telecommunication, weakening of the state’s redistributive functions) (Nwankwo, 2000:147). Despite privatization and introduction of competition, most incumbents are still able to continue dominating the markets and enjoying significant advantages. The market share amongst the four operators in the telecommunications industry in Kenya is skewed in favour of one operator. The paper present an argument on macro-economic, political, legal, social, cultural, economic, institutional and policy issues (Isik, Arditi, Dilem and Birgonul, 2010:119) at the end of the seven year old oligopoly, market liberalisation, market distortions and competitive environment that favour established market players compared to new entrants. The paper is also highlighting the relevance of a classical theory such as Porter’s Five Forces competitive theory and macro environmental forces in explaining regulatory challenges faced by new market entrants in the telecommunications industry in Kenya and other emerging markets.

The study was conducted to assess possibility of predicting body weight on the basis of body measurement in crossbred Yoruba Ecotype in order to provide further information leading to their improvement. The genotype was made up of Yoruba Ecotype Chicken (FEC) and Dominant Black (DB). Mating type resulted from the crossing were (DB x DB), (DB x YE) and (YE x YE). Data were collected on Body Weight (BG), Breast Girth (BG), Body Length (BDL), Kneel Length (KL), Neck Length (NL), Shank Length (SL), Wing Length (WL) and Beak Length (BKL) were measured individually on adult progenies resulted from the crosses. The measurements were taken with aid of weighing scale and simple measuring tape. The General Linear Model (GLM) of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used for the analysis of the data generated. Coefficient of determination (R2) for all the traits were generally positive and significant (P < 0.05), highest value was obtained for DB x DB followed by DB x YE and least value was obtained for YE x YE. The value ranged from 0.88 – 0.98 in DB x DB, 0.36 – 0.97 in DB x YE and 0.86 – 0.95 in YE x YE. BG gave highest coefficient of determination across the genotypes; BG (0.98, 0.97, 0.95), followed by SL (0.94, 0.97, 0.95) and least value were observed in BKL (0.56, 0.365 and 0.46) for (DB x DB), (DB x YE) and (YE x YE) respectively. Conclusively, the result indicated that significant amount of improvement can be achieved through continuous selection and breeding of the genotypes involved in this study

The company is operating in a society; it cannot stay away from the social issues. The society provides both customers and resources to fulfil the business objectives of the corporate companies. So, companies should serve for society by fulfilling corporate social responsibility. Our business doesn't exist in isolation nor is it simply a way of making money. Our employees depend on our business. Customers, suppliers and the local community are all affected by our business and what we do. Our products, and the way we make them, also have an impact on the environment.

This paper is focused on corporate strategy in man-power planning as a way out of economic melt-down. The aftermath of the global financial meltdown was devastating to the developed economies like Europe, America and Asia, Africa a developing economy was not an exception as corporate organizations struggle to get back on their feet or stabilize the quagmire. In order to achieve this, corporate organizations need effective corporate strategy in their manpower planning as to maximize optimum personnel utility in order to achieve the organizational set goals by overcoming the strains of the global economic meltdown. This paper strategically encapsulated corporate strategy in manpower planning as a panacea to the present economic challenge.

A simple Okra threshing machine was designed, fabricated and tested to alleviate the problems associated with Okra processing in Nigeria. It is consists mainly of five units namely, the feeding assembly, the threshing unit, separation unit, power transmission unit. The overall mean threshing and cleaning efficiencies obtained were 93.95 and 99.56% respectively. Drum speed 500rpm combine with 55mm concave clearance gave the highest Threshing efficiency of 99.99%. All speeds, concave clearance combinations gave clearing efficiency above 98%. The machine threshing and cleaning efficiencies increased with increase in drum speed and decrease with increase in concave clearance. The machine is simple to operate and maintain without formal training.

Developing an effective research proposal is a challenging task for the researchers. Research proposal is a detailed description of a proposed study, designed to investigate a given problem. Research Proposal writing is an important node in the pursuit of a graduate, Master, M. Phil or PhD degree throughout the world. This article highlight the need, importance and preferred style of research proposal as most researchers do not fully comprehend the mechanics of writing a research proposal and its importance for the subsequent research.

The authors report two cases of rare lesional associations on the samelimb segment. Two patients victims of violent trauma showed a dislocation of the shoulder associated with fracture on the same member (the diaphysis and the humeral, diaphysis and distal radius). They were treated in emergency First Direct fractures but without touching the shoulder to reduce the dislocation. The decline was 9 months to one and 6 months for the other. The functional result is satisfactory.

Purpose:- The study targeted the evaluation the effect of hemodialysis on blood glucose in renal failure patients at Shendi town in Sudan during(January–February) 2013. Objectives:- General Objective: To estimate blood glucose level pre and post hemodialysis. Specific Objective: 1. To identify the blood glucose level pre and post hemodialysis. 2. To identify the effect of duration of hemodialysis. 3. To identify the risk factors that cause hypoglycemia during hemodialysis. 4. To identify the people prone to hypoglycemia during hemodialysis.. Methods: Study design: Across sectional descriptive study, conducted at Shendi town during the period from March to May 2015 that aimed to estimate blood glucose in renal failure pre and post dialysis. Study area: The study was done at Shendi town which is located in the north of Sudan and north of the capital Khartoum located about 173km and covering area about 30km. Study population sampling: A total of 30 sample pre dialysis, and 30 sample post dialysis was collected from renal failure patients in hospital. Data collection tools: Information from dialysis patients were collected in performed questionnaire. collection technique: 2.5 ml of fresh venous blood was collected from each patient pre and post dialysis in fluoride oxalate container for determination of glucose level. method used: For the quantitative determination of glucose in serum and plasma Glucose oxidase method was used. Results: The statistical analysis of the results showed that the mean of glucose is lower in post hemodialysis (84.5)mg/dl. While the mean of glucose in pre hemodialysis (117.8)mg/dl .The P value is 0.000 which means that there is a highly significant variation between pre and post , where the values are high in post, and this agrees with Study done by Miho Senda et entitled(The strong relation between post –hemodialysis blood methylglyoxal levels and post-hemodialysis blood glucose concentration rise ,Clinical and Experimental Nephrology,20 Aug 2014 Conclusion: From this research we concluded that the level of blood glucose in renal failure patients is decrease post hemodialysis, which means there is a clear effect of hemodialysis on blood glucose level.