Archives-December 

In the present study numerical analysis of enhancement in heat transfer characteristics in a double pipe heat exchanger is studied using a holed twisted tape. The twisted tape with a constant twist ratio is inserted in a double pipe heat exchanger. Holes of diameter 1mm, 3 mm and 5 mm were drilled at regular pitch throughout the length of the tape. Numerical modeling of a double pipe heat exchanger with the holed twisted tape was constructed considering hot fluid flowing in the inner pipe and cold fluid through the annulus. Simulation was done for varied mass flow rates of hot fluid in the turbulent condition keeping the mass flow rate of cold fluid being constant. Thermal properties like Outlet temperatures, Nusselt number overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer rate and pressure drop were determined for all the cases. Results indicated that normal twisted tape without holes performed better than the bare tube. In the tested range of mass flow rates the average Nusselt number and heat transfer rate were increased by 85% and 34% respectively. Performance of Twisted tape with holes was slightly reduced than the normal twisted tape and it deteriorated further for higher values hole diameter. Pressure drop was found to be higher for the holed twisted tape than the normal tape.

Aim: To assess the long-term effects of antioxidants in individuals according to age and sex distribution. Methods: The studied subjects included a total of 150 healthy adults of 96 men and 54 women aged between 30 and 74 years. At the baseline visit, eligible candidate were randomized to either 1 capsule per day of antioxidant nutraceutical or antioxidant functional foods or placebo, and the first dose was dispensed and followed up for six months. Results: The results were grouped based on gender and age ranges, a positive increase in Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Cytotoxic cluster of differentiation antigen 4 (CD4) counts after antioxidant dietary intervention and higher level of IgM and CD4 in men than in female at some age ranges were observed. Conclusion: The authors suggest the use of antioxidant functional foods as an alternative to antioxidant nutraceuticals in boosting immunity and therefore suggest such for immuno-compromised individuals.

The purpose of this research is to understand and quantify the impact of Building Human Resources on Business-IT Alignment and strength of interaction among them. A theoretical framework is proposed regarding the constructs of Human Resources (BHR), and Business-IT Alignment (BIA) and the construct validity was established. The sample data from 65 firms were obtained through structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to understand the relationships among each of the construct and its attributes. Building Human resources had a strong effect on the Business-IT Alignment , and is statistically significant.

This study investigated the impact of Teacher Trainee Sponsorship Scheme on improving teacher supply in the Bosomtwe-Atwima-Kwanwoma District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Questionnaire and interview guide were used to collect data from the District Education Office and the District Assembly. The sample included 228 teachers selected from 45 primary and Junior High Schools. The study revealed that majority of sponsored teachers are native of Bosomtwe-Atwima-Kwanwoma District or share common border with the district. Most sponsored teachers in the deprived areas have some rural background. The scheme is faced with the problem of non-payment of regular and realistic allowances to the teacher trainees. The study revealed that sponsored teachers in the Bosomtwe-Atwima-Kwanwoma District have high expectations for conditions and facilities in the schools and communities. When the conditions and facilities are favourable, the teachers feel satisfied.

The present study was planned to study the influence of Rimonabant pretreatment (1 week) on the anti-diabetic activity of oral anti-diabetic agents in albino & Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Rimonabant (0.36mg/kg) & Sulfonylureas like Glibenclamide (180µg/kg) and Glipizide (270µg/kg) were administered and the time to onset of hypoglycemia, duration of the hypoglycemia & peak hypoglycemia were determined. Then Rimonabant (0.36mg/kg) was administered for 1week and on the next day 1 hour after Rimonabant treatment, the hypoglycemic effect of Sulfonylureas were evaluated. The results showed that co- administration of Rimonabant with Glipizide and Glibenclamide had positive influence on the peak hypoglycemic effect and a significant enhancement in the duration of hypoglycemic action in both normal and diabetic rats. This increased hypoglycemic activity of Glipizide and Glibenclamide after Rimonabant treatment may be due to improved insulin sensitivity and other insulin-resistant state in diabetes.

The main aim of this study was to determiner modeling and sensitivity analysis of rice production based on energy inputs and farm sizes using artificial neural networks in Guilan province of Iran. For this purpose the initial date were collected from 120 rice farmers by a face-to-face questionnaire in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city of Guilan province of Iran. Total energy consumption and output energy was 51430 and 66387 MJ ha-1, respectively. Diesel fuel with 44.61% had the highest energy use among all of the inputs. Medium farms had the best condition in three group sizes from average of total energy consumption point of view. The Levenberg-Marquardt Learning Algorithm was trained for calculation of prediction models for rice yield based energy inputs and area. The results of the ANN model revealed the 12-13-1 structure belonged to the best topology with highest R2 and lowest RMSE and MAPE. The rate of R2, RMSE and MAPE was computed as 0.972, 0.153 and 0.007, respectively. With respect to sensitivity analysis human labor had the highest sensitivity with 0.311. It indicates that using an additional of 1 MJ either for human labor or seed energy would result in increasing the yield by 0.311 and 0.286 kg, respectively.

Oral ulcers are highly common lesions in the population. They are painful and annoying, although most of them would be healed with no significant consequence. It is important to recognize these lesions on time and do the right sorts of treatment because of the risk of cancers or some other critical diseases. Understanding this fact that the first contact for most of patients is usually with a general medical practitioner, we decided to evaluate general practitioners’ knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding oral ulcerative lesions. This study was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire survey which was done among 65 general practitioners in Isfahan, Iran. The questionnaire evaluated the knowledge, attitude and behavior of general practitioners regarding oral ulcerative lesions. Chi-square test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and t-test served for statistical analysis done by SPSS20 software. The physicians’ knowledge score was almost low, especially clinical knowledge (mean score = 33.4%, SD: 15.3). The majority of general practitioners (89.2%) reported that they are more knowledgeable in this field and almost 70% of them showed a willingness to participate in further educational programs about oral lesions. There was a significant relationship between the attitude and age (p= 0.001) and duration of practice (p = 0.002). But there was no significant relationship between the numbers of examined patients. General practitioners’ behavior scores regarding oral lesions were rather low. A significant relationship between the behavior and age (r=0.271, p= 0.03) and duration of practice was observed. Lack of knowledge of General practitioners’ and poor performance about oral lesions besides their willingness to get higher education in this field, revealed a great need for planning to include appropriate additional courses to the curriculum of the medical graduates

Since the beginning of human creation, culture, publishing and promoting the divine religions and prophets of the most important functions and convey Islam with the seal of the Prophet Muhammad (p.) as the most complete only religion acceptable to God(Al-Imran verse 65), Revealed teachings, orders of worship and happiness humanity was completed. Since all the teachings of Islam, rooted in compassion and kindness of God and have fun and the interpretation of Ali (AS) which states: (Feizol-Islam, 2004p. 313). This religion is based on love and columns. In this article are intended to explain the importance of Promote Islam, How to use special tools to Promote the love of Jesus in order to increase productivity and promotional activities, we examined the effectiveness of missionaries and Clergymen.

Digitisation had a profound effect on creation, reproduction and dissemination of works protected by copyright. Works in digital format are vulnerable to infringement, and technological protection measures are accordingly applied as protection. Technological protection measures can, however, easily be circumvented and additional legal protection against circumvention was needed. In response, law makers at both the international and national level have enacted legal provisions aimed at banning the act of circumvention of technological protection measures on the one hand and the production and dissemination of circumvention tools on the other hand. Prominent examples of such legislation, among others, are the WIPO Internet Treaties, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and the European Information Society Directive. The recently enacted 2012 Amendments have harmonized the Indian Copyright law with WIPO Internet Treaties with respect to legal protection of technological protection measures. Against this background, this article attempts to critical analyse the existing legal framework for protection of technological measures at national and international levels. It also stresses the need for international harmonisation of copyright law for its efficient enforcement in digital environment.

Projects are defined as complex tasks, based on challenging questions or problems, that involve learners in design, problem-solving, decision making, or investigative activities; give learners the opportunity to work relatively autonomously over extended periods of time; and culminate in realistic products or presentations. Within a project-based approach, learners are usually provided with specifications for a desired end product, and the learning process is more oriented to following correct procedures. Teachers act as instructors or coaches, providing expert guidance, feedback and suggestions for better ways to achieve the final product. Past studies have shown the benefits of PBL which include intrinsically motivating learners to learn, fostering problem-solving, and developing independent and cooperative working skills. It is also believed that project based instruction allows learners to develop critical thinking and decision making skills and engage in in-depth learning of subject matter. This paper discusses the importance of Grant’s structures in a project as an Invention Project was assigned to each group of learners. The results, based on the Grant structure, have indicated that learners showed a significant improvement in the areas highlighted in the project-based activity. It is thus, a worthy action to be implemented in teaching and learning processes.