Archives-December 

The term “Customer Relationship Management” was publicly mentioned for the first time in 1960 by management professors such as Peter Drucker and Theodore Levitt. Customer access to various channels of information and data distribution, and presenting goods for selecting a product in a compact and highly competitive environment in the market, have reduced their loyalty towards suppliers. For this reason, the question of how to effectively communicate with clients and their survival is one of the most important issues in Durability and stability of companies in the area of competitiveness and profitability. Considering the key role of knowledge management (KM) and customer relationship management (CRM) and their strategic effect in today’s competitive world. The main goal of this study the effect of customer knowledge management on customer relationship management in selected branches of Resalat Qard Al- Hasan Bank is a province. There for, whilst a review about the subject literature, a questionnaire was set and verbal to 224 person who were statistical society members. (140 person from Kermanshah Resalat Qard Al- Hasan bank branches). The collected data were arrived in Spss and software after coding. To determine being normal, the data obtained of Colmogroph-Smirnoph was applied and confirmed the results of being normal test. Hypothesizes of the study were examined by performing of Spearman correlation test and their significant and positive effects were proved, this means that knowledge management totally has a direct and significant relation with organizational commitment and professional commitment., results of structural equations ultimately, results of structural equations model with variance estimation square root, is confirmed approximation error less that 0-10 and fit suitability indicators more than 0.9 of model suitability, and the ratio of "k2 to freedom degree" being less that 5, also confirmed the model credit, totally, it showed that, structural equation ,model totality, the influence of customer knowledge management on customer relationship management between Kermanshah Melat bank personnel’s is confirmed.

Locus of control in social psychology refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between locus of control (LOC) orientation and high school student`s language achievement. The dichotomous categorization of Internals and Externals was taken into account. The participants of this study were 121 high school students in the second, third and pre university grades in a two high school of Iran. The instrument used in the study was the revised version of Julian Rotters` locus of control (2003) which identified internal and external orientations. The participants’ English scores were regarded as the measure of their achievement. A questionnaire consisting of 29 items was administered to all 121 students. Responses were analyzed through one way and two way ANOVA, the regression analysis, the independent t-test and chi-square and linear regression analysis to determine the means on two sets of scores. The findings of this study showed a significant relationship between locus control and achievement of high school students in Iran. The findings can be used by English as a Foreign Language, students, teachers, curriculum developers, syllabus designers and testing specialists.

In this study, the relationship between capital structure, and new criteria to evaluate the performance, by smoothing and non-smoothing companies profit, the companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Tehran. The population, including companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the study period is between 2009-2013. According to the data analysis, correlation and regression tests were performed using, to the conclusion that, in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the smoothing doing, the ratio of current debt, equity ratio, with adjusted economic value added, there is a significant inverse relationship. But the proportion of long-term debt, and new criteria to evaluate the performance, there is no significant relationship.

Patellar tendon rupture is a rare disease. It is often confused with lesions of the quadriceps tendon, fins and patellar fractures parcel of the patella. We report ten cases of rupture of the patellar tendon which eight were new and two neglected. Treatment was always surgical. In recent lesions (8 cases) by a simple suture nonabsorbable suture was performed, it was reinforced by a steel strapping over. Plasty further by the semitendinosus tendon was necessary in one case. In both cases neglected plasty was necessary. It was conducted by the aponeurosis of the quadriceps in one case, the tendon of the semitendinosus in the other cases. The results are satisfactory. They are good in eight cases of recent lesion and two lesions in ways neglected. Early diagnosis is easy. It allows access to the best results in the treatment of fresh lesions. The treatment of neglected injuries, despite the various techniques, gives results fair or poor.

“Youth’s in the rural areas have little option”, this is what they are given to believe and it makes them to work either at farm or migrate to urban land. It is well known fact that best option available to them is rural entrepreneurship. Rural entrepreneurship can be defined as entrepreneurship emerging in rural area or establishing industrial units in the rural areas. This contributes for employment generation, reduces disparities in income between rural and urban income, promote regional development, protect art and creativity and helps to achieve economic development in rural area. Rural entrepreneur is a answer to solve migration, unemployment, promote social and economic inclusion. The strengthening rural area will encourage prevention of natural resources and improve the rural economies. Rural entrepreneurship will have income multiplier effect by creating demand for farm and nonfarm product and services, and by creating job opportunities. Indian economy largely dependent on rural economy as 68.84% of population lives in rural area. There’re about 6,38,558 villages. Due to large number of people lives in rural area, there is wide scope for selling varieties of product. Thanks to growing economy, people in rural area have witnessed increased income, which is positive sign for his product portfolio. This paper also benchmarks the case study of Marate Milk Products Mala, which offers differentiation as a strategy to compete successfully in rural market of coastal district of Karnataka.

Isfahan is one of the oldest cities of Iran with a highly important place in economic transactions of Iran and its foreign and domestic trading. Throughout the history, Bazaar has been as the artery of economic life, the center of formation and association of businesses, occupations and industries. On the other side, the influence of Bazaar in social and political movements in the past centuries has been revealed to everybody. Nonetheless, the structure and content of traditional network of Bazaar changed by nature since the last chapter of Qajar and early of Pahlavi period. Various reasons can be detected; the change in social life in the cities, the entrance of western lifestyle and culture, increase of population, and the need to reform and renovate urban pathways are among the most important reasons of the change. The present study aims to present a comprehensive account of the situation of traditional Bazaar in Isfahan city in the first decades of fourteenth century (Hijri), and investigates the process of its change and its underlying factors. Documents, journals, reports of internal and foreign spectators and economic and social researches constitute the main sources used in this study. The descriptive historical method is used as the method of research.

This study investigated the translation of taboos from English into Persian in dramas from a skopos-based view. To carry out this study, ten dramas were chosen. Five out of these ten dramas were not performed on any stage in Iran, but the remaining five dramas were performed on the stage. The researcher chose randomly thirty taboos used in current English and Persian. Then, the obtained taboos were evaluated based on the strategies proposed by Robinson (2006). So, the statistical calculations showed that the most common strategy used for translating taboos by the Persian translators was censorship; there was no difference between translations of taboos in these two categories of dramas, because skopos had no effect on them. Finally, some interference occurred through translation of taboos into Persian.

In the realm of language teaching, corrective feedback and how to treat errors has a long and contentious history. On account of the controversial nature of this issue, whether and how to correct errors have given rise to numerous studies in this area in the domains of second language acquisition. Therefore, lots of researches have probed its role in language classrooms. This paper sheds light on various types of corrective feedbacks, reviews the main differential effects of various types of feedback, and the conditions determining the efficacy of them.

Choanal atresia is a rare congenital condition caused by persistence of the buccopharyngeal membrane during the development of embryo. It is characterized by the closure of posterior nares in the nasal cavity. The condition is well managed with an oropharyngeal airway. A 120 degree nasal endoscope and CT are used in the diagnosis of choanal atresia. The definitive treatment for this upper airway obstruction is surgery. The less invasive approach is the transnasal one which is the first-line approach currently. If this approach is failed transpalatal approach is proceeded which is highly invasive.

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly that is presented in both male and female newborn as the External Urethral Meatus opens ventral to its normal position. This birth defect of the Urogenital Tract is found more common in males; and the main contributing factors are subcategorized mainly into Genetic, Hormonal and Environmental factors. The incidence of this anomaly varies around the globe but a raise in its rate of occurrence within the past two decades has been detected, suggested to the increase of several Endocrine Disrupters that mimics the action of Estrogen affecting the normal development of the embryo during gestation.