Archives-December 

The present investigation was carried in the experimental test organism, Mugil cephalus exposed to cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in acute and chronic toxicity test. The raw survival data from the acute toxicity test were utilized for the prediction of No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). The data obtained from the laboratory and the predicted endpoints were then compared with the heavy metal concentrations in the Ennore creek. Acute toxicity tests revealed that fingerlings were sensitive to copper, followed by cadmium, lead and zinc, and the 96-hour LC₅₀ values were 4.29 mg/l Cd, 2.29 mg/l Cu, 6.90 mg/l Pb and 7.92 mg/l Zn. Experimental NOEC had strong correlation with the predicted NOEC at P=0.0001 and P=0.005. Correlations were significant at P<0.01 (2-tailed), (? =0.05). The predicted and the experimental NOEC values were lower than the heavy metal concentrations in the Ennore creek. The concentrations of heavy metals in the Ennore creek were relatively higher than the NOEC values for juvenile marine organisms tested in the laboratory. Hence, there exists threat for survival and an urgent need for the enactment and enforcement of stringent laws to control the heavy metal pollution in the Ennore creek as well as to protect estuarine and marine bio-resources.

An electronic device based on capacitive sensor was developed to predict the volume of banana fruit. This system, which is used for volume measurement has four components: a rectangular parallel plate capacitor, electronic circuitry, microcontroller, and display unit. After calibrating the electronic system, the results were verified with calibrated curve by means of linear regression and paired t-test. The coefficient of determination (R2) for 1, 10, 100, and 450 kHz frequencies were obtained as 0.934, 0.88, 0.932, and 0.935, respectively. The acquired P-values for 1, 10, 100, and 450 kHz frequencies were 0.541, 0.448, 0.132, and 0.064. The results indicated that banana fruits size has no effect on the accuracy of the computed volume. The results for banana fruits showed that the predicted volume and actual volume are highly correlated and this method is ideal for determining the volume of fruits and it can be developed for other fruits, too.

The marine biosphere is one of the richest habitats of microorganisms. Marine microbes particularly bacteria are considered for their secondary metabolites and enzymes with novel properties. The Marine Soil Microbial isolates were screened for potential producers of L-asparagines using a phenol red indicator and growth medium. The isolates were characterized by biochemical tests and found to belong to Bacillus sp. We performed random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis on five strain of Bacillus sp. Random primers were used for the PCR. Electrophoresis on denaturing acrylamide gels improved RAPD reproducibility and increased the band number. The primer of OPU series gave reproducible results and band profiles.

Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that is seen in people who have diabetes. This makes it difficult for the nerves to carry messages to the brain and parts of the body. Diabetic neuropathy can result in numbness or painful tingling in different parts of the body. Diabetic neuropathy can affect any part of the nervous system. This nerve disorder should be suspected in all patients with type 2 diabetes and in patients who have had type 1 diabetes for more than five years. About 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have some form of neuropathy. People with diabetes can develop nerve problems at any time, but the risk increases with age and duration of the disease. The highest rates of neuropathy occur among people who have had diabetes for at least 25 years and among people who have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels, as well as those with high levels of blood fat and blood pressure and those who are overweight. Diabetic neuropathy is long-term damage to the nerve fibres. It happens when high blood glucose levels are present over several years. In diabetes, the form it usually first takes is reduced sensation in the feet. The nerve damage affects each foot equally and eventually spreads up the legs. Poor sensation in your feet makes them more prone to injury. Combined with poor circulation this can easily lead to ulcers and infections. As community Pharmacist becomes a consultant for patients who are put on therapy. He counsels the patients about the disease process and simultaneously role of drugs. He informs the patient of drug interations and adverse reactions.

Collaborative Sensor Fault Detection (CSFD) technique is used to detect the faults in the sensor nodes of a fusion center in a robust distribution estimation scheme. This technique can identify the faulty nodes efficiently and improve the accuracy of the estimates. ASIC implementation is used to design the fusion center based on their applications. In this approach there occurs some limitations such as computational complexity; hardware implementation is quite complex and high power consumption. In order to overcome these difficulties, we modify CSFD and propose an ECSFD scheme. ECSFD is simple and requires lower computational complexity, thus lower hardware cost and power consumption can be achieved. Furthermore, ECSFD achieves almost the same performance as CSFD. VLSI architecture is developed for hardware implementation.

Waste is an unavoidable by product of human activities. All the human activities ie., domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, organizations, generates solid wastes that are normally discarded as useless or unwanted. The wastes generated from these activities of more advanced society produce more complex and heterogeneous wastes because of living standards and changing food habits. With rising urbanization, change in life style and improving living standards in cities; have led to increase in per capita waste generation and complexity of generated waste in the recent years. The problem in cities lies not only in the quantity but also in the quality and composition of the wastes, which have changed from being dense and almost entirely organic to voluminous and increasing non-biodegradable with higher percentage of toxic substance. The exponential growths of human population & resource consumption have left outstripped the ability of the natural environment to assimilate it and municipal authorities to manage it. Increasing migration, high-density population will make waste management a difficult issue to handle in the near future.

An analysis is presented to investigate the Dufour, soret and thermophoresis parameter effects on MHD Mixed convection, heat and mass transfer about an isothermal vertical flat plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation. The similarity solution is used to transform the problem under consideration into a boundary value problem of coupled ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by using the finite difference method. Numerical computations are carried out for the non-dimensional physical parameter. The results are analyzed for the effect of different physical parameters such as Dufour number, Soret number, thermophoretic, MHD, mixed convection, Eckert number, inertia parameter, buoyancy ratio, and Schmid number on the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics.

Two simple, sensitive and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of Paliperidone in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The methods were based on the formation of colored complex of Paliperidone with different reagents. The absorbance of the formed color complex is measured at the wavelength of maximum absorbance of the complex against the reagent blank treated similarly. These methods have different linearity ranges observed in the concentration ranges of 8 – 28 and 4 – 14 ?g/mL with correlation coefficients 0.9995 and 0.9998 respectively. Statistical analysis proves that the proposed methods are reproducible and selective for the estimation of Paliperidone in bulk drug and in its tablet dosage form.

By and large in remedial field checking performed on the little part of a picture anyway it comes to fruition high cost and less transmission speed as a result of its gigantic picture measure. Continuously it is to a great degree troublesome errand to diminish the degree of the picture without loss of information. At this situation by using some pressure strategies which are having the ability of higher remaking quality we will diminish the span of the picture. In any case, the nature of a photo expect a key part in the solution. On account of this reason we proposed upgraded pressure procedures. As a piece of this method we are performing district based division procedure by part the picture into two locales, ROI and NONROI which are trailed by applying LOSS and LOSSLESS pressure strategies. By applying different wavelets for ROI and NONROI pictures, we will register the pressure proportion and recognize the best appropriate wavelet procedure. By then we will finish our requirements i.e. picture with high transmission speed, less cost and less size. At long last compacted picture should be transmitted through flexible and web organizations. This examination article guarantees bolster for the destitute society with in regards to savvy who are enduring with ailments.

Surface soils representing a wide range of pH, EC and OC in Sundarbans were studied to determine the relationships between microbial growth efficiency and soil properties besides temperature changes. The field study shows that bacterial and fungal growth efficiency are maximum (100 %) in November and in January and minimum (9 -21 %) in April and May months respectively. Regression analysis indicates that pH, EC and OC besides temperature accounted for most of the variability in efficiency of microbial population over 85%. Multiple regression analysis predicted the growth efficiency of bio inoculates in different soil conditions in Sundarbans. Further field study shows that the application of Azotobactor increases tomato yield 2.5-20.4 % and chilli yield 2.1-16.1 % over balanced 75% NPK doses. These percentage of increases yield of tomato and chilli are highly statistical significant (r= 0.975 and r= 0.961 respectively) with bacterial growth efficiency. Increases of percentage of tomato and chilli yield on Azotobactor application based on bacterial growth efficiency depending on soil properties in Sundarbans is also predicted from regression equation. Soil and temperature requirements for microbial growth efficiency are tabulated according to Sys et al. (1993) from regression equation.