Archives-December 

A new semi organic nonlinear optical crystal, L-Alanine potassium nitrate has been synthesized and good optical quality single crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. The growth conditions of the crystals are studied and the grown crystals are confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. The grown crystal was characterized by using powderedXRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis–NIR, EDAX, and TG–DTA. The sharp peaks from powdered XRD spectrum shows high crystalinity of the grown crystal. The presence of various functional groups was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopic technique. The UV–Vis–NIR spectrum indicates that the crystal has very good absorption in the entire visible and near IR region spectrum suggesting the suitability of the material for NLO applications. The decomposition temperatures and mass loss have been estimated from the thermo gravimetric analysis. The presence of potassium in the compound and composition of grown crystals was confirmed on the basis of energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDX).

Learning disability of students is one of the major problems faced by teachers in a normal classroom. Due to learning disability a child needs extra care and attention from the parents and teachers as well for getting proper learning. Present study aimed to investigate the role of teachers in handling learning disable students in a normal classroom at primary education level. The study was conducted on 80 primary school teachers of Abbottabad (Pakistan). It was found that although, in general, according to pedagogies, teachers should consider learning disabilities of students in class room; but teachers face problems in handling these students due to not having proper training in this context.

Many children are refusing to attend school or have problems remaining in the classes for an entire day. Refusal is associated with classroom climate factors and if not managed well they lead to multiple socio-economic risks spanning into adulthood. This study sought teachers’ views on classroom determinants of school refusal behaviour among lower primary schools in Nandi East district with emphasis on class dynamics. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design in which variables were studied as they are in the field without manipulation. The accessible population consisted of all the 282 public lower primary class teachers in the district. The final sample size of 152 was determined by employing Stein’s method. Stratified and simple random sampling methods were used to get the participants. Structured and semi structured survey questionnaire were used to collect data from class teachers. Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha was used to determine the reliability of research questions; which established a reliability coefficient of .872. Descriptive statistics used to analyze quantitative data were percentages and frequencies. Statistical Packages of Social Science (SPSS) programme version 17 aided in analyses. The findings were summarized and presented in tables and figures. The study established that teachers consider the following dynamics as triggers of refusal: getting poor marks which lead to frustrations, learners inability to bring out their problems well, teachers forcing weak learners to repeat classes and learners getting demotivated because achievement and performance are not praised or rewarded. The study recommends the in -servicing of education stakeholders on nature of school refusal, improving provision of instructional materials to learners with special needs and improving school inspection.

In recent years, increased water use and decreased precipitation have led to increased pressure to groundwater resources, this its quality decrease. Therefore, the main reasons for studying groundwater are potential hazards for groundwater contamination and protect it (ground water) from contamination: te main purpose of this research is the assessment of spatial and temporal trends in ground water quality in Shahr-e-Babak plain to besides of measurement of variation trends, by identifying contaminated regions (for agricultural purposes) issues and problems raised due to contaminates water usage could be prevented for this reason, data related to qualitative parameters of ground water such as EC, SAR, TDS during inventory period 2002-2009 were used. After fitting the best variogram model to empirical model of each of qualitative parameters of Ground water, by Arc GIS 9.3 software and by using Kriging interpolation method. Zoning maps of the region were prepared. Also the water of the region in the view point of agricultural use, was assessed using Wilcox and FAO method results obtained from this research showed that from comparison between Kriging interpolation and inverse distance weighted, Kriging method have the higher precision (based on low RMSE and MAE) than IDW. Also result from water classification based on Wilcox show the increased contamination trend especially in southern parts, and generally in this period the water of the region is classified as moderate-quality water, and also in FAO method contamination trend of waters in this region is increasing and in this method southern parts of this region are classified as the most contaminated parts (water classed with high salinity) of the region. The reasons of contamination of southern parts of the region are the type of Geological of the region and also high agricultural activities.

This study was an attempt to find out to see any possible relationship between emotional intelligence and reading proficiency within English language students. This study aimed to determine whether emotional intelligence and English reading proficiency are correlated . In this work participants were 110 fresh men English language students, studying in Azad University , Tehran- North Branch , both male and female , who selected randomly . Regression and correlation analyses were used and results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the emotional intelligence and English reading proficiency, and also there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence sub- factors and English reading proficiency with no relationship between gender and two variables. key words: Reading, emotional intelligence.

The resin SHMF has been synthesized by the condensation of salicylicacid and hexamethylenediamine with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid as catalyst. Thermal degradation curve has been discussed which shows four decomposition steps and detailed thermal degradation studies of the resin have been carried out to ascertain its thermal stability. Sharp–Wentworth and Freeman–Carroll methods have been used to calculate activation energies and thermal stability. The activation energy (Ea) calculated by using the Sharp–Wentworth (17.86 kJ/mol) has been found to be in good agreement with that calculated by Freeman–Carroll (18.96 kJ/mol) method. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (?F), entropy change (?S), apparent entropy change (S*) and frequency factor (Z) have also been evaluated on the basis of the data of Freeman–Carroll method. The order of reaction (n) is found out to be 0.99. Electrical conductivity measurements have been also conceded to ascertain the semiconducting nature of the resin.

The organo-metallic nonlinear optical material urea doped thiourea zinc sulphate (UTZS) has been successfully grown by slow evaporation method at constant temperature 30?C from its aqueous solutions. The grown crystals were subjected to powder x-ray diffraction to determine the unit cell parameters. The UV-Vis transmittance spectrum shows that the crystal has a good optical transmittance in the entire visible region with lower cutoff wavelength. The second harmonic generation efficiency was measured in comparison with KDP by employing powder Kurtz method. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals have been derived from FI-IR analysis. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was analysed by thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal (DTA )analyses. The vicker’s hardness was carried out to test even distribution of load and to study the mechanical strength of the crystal. The dielectric response of the crystals was studied in the frequency range 100HZ-5MHZ at different temperatures and the results are discussed.

The experiment carried out on voltage and current measurement on TTL logic gates, by the students of electrical and information engineering in the final year of their studies, in the department’s laboratory, which help to understand the voltage and current characteristics of TTL gates and how also how to measure the voltage and current values of TTL gates. This experiment basically shows how voltage and current of TTL gate can be measured. KL- 22001 Basic Electrical/Electronic Circuit lab and KL-26001 Combinational Logic Circuit experiment module are the major equipment used to perform the experiment .These were used because it is much more self-explanatory and easier to work with compared other models. It was discovered that Due to its higher resistance value the LS series, TTL gates have lower input current than the standard series TTL gates. Their output currents are about equal.

This research introduces a new set of 32 in-equivalent Hadamard matrices of order 404 of Goethals Seidel type. To apply the Goethals Seidel method, four Turyn type sequences of lengths 34 are found by a computer search. These sequences are used to construct base sequences of lengths 67 and are used to generate a set of four T-sequences of length 101. There were 16 possible ways of the linear combinations of these T- sequences and 1820 possible ways of choosing four sequences. Among them only 32 possible choices gave the new set of in-equivalent Hadamard matrices of order 404.

The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical study of the long-run relationship between unemployment rates and labor force participation rates in the Sweden, United State and urban China. In Sweden, Osterholm (2010) investigated whether unemployment and labor force participation is an issue that has important implications for theory, empirical modeling & policy in labour and macroeconomics. On the other hand Liu (2011) analyzed pattern and trends in labor force participation rate & employment in urban for the past few decade in China. Emerson (2011) did the study for United States on unemployment and labour force participation. While Emerson (2011) and Osterholm (2010) results leads us to question the empirical relevance of the unemployment invariance hypothesis for the United States and Sweden, Liu (2011) provided comprehensive and more up-to-date study on topic with extension in examining employment, type of decomposition to shed light on the source of gender difference.