Archives-December 

In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize chalcones 3-(Substitutedphenyl)-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)acrylamide by condensation of Substitutedbenzaldehyde with N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)acetamide under basic conditions by using both conventional and Microwave synthesis methods. A simple condensation reaction of substiutedbenzaldehyde and N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)acetamide using Sodium hydroxide as a base was carried out for the study. The synthesized chalcone derivatives were characterized for FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analysis. It was observed that complete conversion to chalcone occurred in 10-12 min by Microwave synthesis method and in 10 h by conventional method. Finally, it has been observed that chalcone synthesis using Microwave synthesis method is a Convenient, Rapid and Eco-Friendly Synthesis over conventional method. The reaction time has been brought down from hours to seconds with improved yield as compared to conventional heating.

With the progress of VLSI technology, delay buffer plays an important role affecting the circuit design and performance. This paper presents the design of low power buffer using clock gating and gated driver tree. Since delay buffers are accessed sequentially, it adopts a gated clock ring counter addressing scheme. The ring counter employs double edge triggered (DET) flip flops instead of traditional flip flop to half the operating frequency. Also for generating clock gating signals, combinational elements (C-element) are implemented in the control logic to avoid the increasing loading of the global clock signal. For the clock distribution network, a gated driver tree technique is used and it further reduces the power consumption. In addition, this technique is used in the input and output ports of the memory to decrease their loading. The proposed delay buffer consumes less power comparing to the conventional delay buffers.

Due to the rapid development of internet, perfect copy and illegal use of digital data becomes easy, which enforces the newer mechanism to provide means of protecting all forms of digital data. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel approach of protecting the ownership rights and resolving the dispute of unauthorized addition of second watermark on already watermarked data by the use of watermark authentication server (WAS). Watermark authentication server serves as a trusted third party and solves the problem of deadlock in watermarking.

The success of a machine learning algorithm depends on quality of data .The data given for classification, should not contain irrelevant or redundant attributes. This invariably increases the processing time. The data set, selected for classification should contain the right attributes for accurate results. Feature selection is an essential data processing step, prior to applying a learning algorithm. Here we discuss some basic feature selection models and evaluation function. Experimental results are compared for individual datasets with filter and wrapper model.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC is used by Mary to anoint Jesuss feet and mentioned Holy Quran and Bible besides evolutionary ideas in Ayurveda. The plant abounds in sesquiterpenes predominantly; jatamansone and nardostachone. The plant has demonstrated several pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective, cardio protective and hypolipidemic and antifungal. The significant effect is on the central nervous system, as diverse pharmacological actions, ranging from sedative to nootropic have been reported. Animal and clinical research with jatamansone, the active principle of the plant, has justified hypno-sedative claim of Ayurveda. The review summarizes, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations carried out on the plant.

The skin biopsy is an important diagnostic tool in dermatology because it establishes a definite diagnosis and also monitors the therapy in many systemic diseases. The microscopic features involving superficial inflammatory dermatitis are very similar, but treatment varies, hence the diagnosis of the skin biopsy requires meticulous, clinical and histopathological work up. One hundred and fifty one consecutive skin biopsy specimens where a superficial inflammatory dermatosis has been queried by Dermatologists are reviewed. The lesions of superficial inflammatory dermatosis are classified based on the integration of different morphological features into three types of tissue reactions ie. Spongiotic dermatitis, lichenoid dermatitis and psoriasiform dermatitis. Histopathological diagnosis is concluded after coorelating with clinical features, which either confirms, contributes or noncontributory to the clinical diagnosis. The study revealed that the Psoriasiform Dermatitis is the most frequently encountered about 46.0%, followed by the lichenoid Dermatitis 27.2% and Spongiotic Dermatitis 16.6%. The clinico-histopathological discrepancy between few cases like Dermatitis Herpetiformis & Prurigo Simplex, Polymorphous light eruption & Leprosy, Hypertrophied Lichen Planus & Prurigo nodularis, Mycosis Fungoides & Exfoliative Dermatosis is discussed in detail. Correlation of the histopathological diagnosis with clinical diagnosis is seen in 95.6% cases of Psoriasiform Dermatitis, 92.87% cases of Lichenoid Dermatitis and in 92.3% of cases of Spongiotic Dermatitis. The present study also contributed that the histopathological diagnosis is confirmatory, diagnostic or non-contributory in 90.6%, 4.6% and 4.8% cases respectively to the clinical diagnosis. This article thus emphasizes the importance and utility of classification of superficial inflammatory dermatosis. The data showed the distribution of the lesions in three categories was helpful in reducing the number of inconclusive biopsies.

Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis is reported for the first time from India. It is presented here with updated nomenclature, brief description, notes on distribution for better understanding.

In this present study, analysis of surface river water quality in seven locations was carried out to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of water.The sampling sites were selected on the basis of their distance, such as Scholavandan (S1), Thiruvedakam (S2), Thenur (S3), Kochadai (S4), Arappalayam (S5), Goripalayam (S6) and Teppakulam ((S7). The pH value 7.0 is considered as best and ideal. The pH is range from 7.38 to 7.87 which was the permissible limit. Total dissolved solids and Electrical conductivity were found moderate in S1 to S6 site and S7 were recorded maximum. The total hardness and alkalinity also recorded maximum in S7 site than that remains. The Calcium, Mg, and Fe were recorded maximum in S7 site rest of others were permissible limit. Free NH3 was found maximum in S5 (1.2mg/L), S6 (1.5mg/L) and S7 (2.5mg/L) site. Nitrite was observed high in S3 (1.5mg/L). Phosphate was found objectable limit in S3 (1.2mg/L) and S7 (2.0mg/L). Finally, the result was concluding that the surface running water was contaminated at few sampling sites namely S5 (Arappalayam), S6 (Goripalayam) and S7 (Teppakkulam) due to the anthropogenic activity. But the sampling sites S1, S2, S3 and S4 are recommended for use to drinking and other purpose.

This report emphasises the economic impact of four optional approaches to dealing with the Copyright Act as it relates to the issue of copyright viability and liability for Internet service providers (ISPs). The report commences by signifying the options under consideration and the important stakeholders, and then proceeds to profile the Nigeria ISP industry. The ISP industry is designated to serve consumer and business subscribers, to make provisions of broad access to both dial-up and broadband Internet access services at prices that will be classify among the lowest in the world. This report is to make provision for ecomomic analysis for propose amendments to copyright legislative in Nigeria. It is also to concentrate on the impact of these proposed reforms on the ISP industries in Nigeria, the effect on the stakeholder (e.g consumers, content producers). The problems facing content producing industries as a result of the Internet and piracy are briefly discussed, with the primary threat being the free digital distribution of copyright contents over the Internet through peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and illegal duplication of copy right contents. The number of digitally encoded music files (MP3/MP4) distributed has no definite estimation on yearly basis because there is no extent that piracy and downloads cannibalize sales do not go to. It is likely that the net effect of digital music downloads on CD sales is negative. The economic impact of each of the proposed copyright reform options is emphasised. The options as follows; the standing quo on significat economic cost to effect of law on outdated and complexity of internet services. Also on benefit clarification of legal matters and subjects ISPs to explicits condition on exemption from copyright liability. Practice of “Notice and Takedown” and “Notice and Notice” adoption to guide ISPs to work with content providers after recieving “Notice” of copyright infringement. Levying a mandatory licensing “tariff on ISPs, base on the magnitude of the tariff and its implimentation. It is recommended that the copyright be reformed to give explicit boundry on ISP copyright dependence for transmission, linking, production and detecting of copyrightd content by employing Notice and Notice or Notice and Takedown method.

The present part of the study deals with how to knowledge of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) adopting cotton cultivators in rainfed eco-systems. Under rainfed condition, among cultural practices, more than 80 per cent of respondents had how to do knowledge about applying FYM/compost and applying neem cake. Regarding mechanical practices majority (83%) of respondents had how to do knowledge of fixing light traps and 80 per cent and 74 per cent of the respondents had how to do knowledge of fixing sex pheromone and fixing yellow sticky traps. With regard to biological practices, 87 per cent of respondents had how to do knowledge of tying Trichogramma eggcards, followed by 63 per cent respondents of spraying neem oil. Among chemical practices, more than 60 per cent of respondents had how to do knowledge about applying granular insecticides.