Archives-December 

We report a case of bladder leiomyosarcoma. This is a rare infiltrating bladder tumor, highly malignant, very poor prognosis due to a very early loco regional invasion. Only the pathological examination can bring positive diagnosis. The therapeutic modalities for this histological type are not codified. However treatment is mainly based on surgical excision Solid sometimes preceded by chemotherapy when the patient's condition.

Table of contents for the month of February 2023

As we know radium cutting through PC is readily available from that, we got the idea of our project i.e. "Low cost, thermocol cutter". In this project the microcontroller is the backbone of the hardware circuitry. All the controlling actions are done by the micro controller. A hot rod basically the soldering gun is used for cutting purpose. Here, the thermocol is not actually cut, but it is melted at a specified temperature with the help of soldering gun. So this project is used for cutting different figures and shapes as per the program of the micro controller. Optocouplers are used to provide isolation between the micro controller and the hardware circuitry. Stepper motors are used for controlling the different directions of different axis. Thickness of the thermocol will depend upon the length of the cutter and its heating capacity. Alphabets and numerical are generally cut using this project but figures of all shapes and sizes can be cut up to the limit of the work platform.

We describe various misconceptions and misinterpretations concerning presentation of the hysteresis loop for ferromagnets occurring in undergraduate and college textbooks. These problems originate from our teaching a Theoretical solid state / condensed matter physics (TSSP/CMP) course. A closer look at the definition of “coercivity” reveals two distinct notions referred to as the hysteresis loop: B vs. H or M vs. H, which can be easily confused and, in fact, are confused in several textbooks. The properties of the M vs. H type hysteresis loop are often ascribed to the B vs. H type loops, giving rise to various misconceptions. An extensive survey of textbooks at first in the TSSP/CMP area and later extended into the areas of general physics, materials science and magnetism / electromagnetism has been carried out. Relevant encyclopedias and physics dictionaries have also been consulted. The survey has revealed various other substantial misconceptions and/or misinterpretations than those originally identified in the TSSP/CMP area. The results are presented here to help in clarifying the misconceptions and misinterpretations in question. The physics education aspects arising from the textbook survey are also discussed. Additionally, analysis of the CMP examination results concerning questions pertinent to the hysteresis loop is provided.

The magnetic response of transverse wave propagation of double layered nanoplate embedded in an elastic medium is studied employing nonlocal continuum theory. The displacement equation of nanoplate with magnetic and elastic medium is devised with the help of Lorentz force and Winkler elastic foundation. The frequency equations are acquired for nanoplate with simply supported edges. The numerical result reveals that the magnetic strength and elastic medium increases the frequencies of double layered nanoplates. The perfection of the present frequency value is noted by comparing it with the existing literature.

Pakistan is among the top ten countries in the world with large area under citrus orchards. Punjab province is endowed with one of the best Kinnow varieties of the world and Sargodha district has largest share in area and production. The primary data was collected from two tehsils (revenue units) of Sargodha district, namely Sargodha and Bhalwal. The Value Chain Analysis was performed to investigate the marketing inefficiency of Mandarin trade. The study concluded that by decreasing the number of the intermediaries in both form i.e. open and packed, not only the purchased price of the consumer decreased but also producer received high profit.

The Line graph L(G) of an undirected graph G is another graph L(G) that represents the find adjacencies between the edges of G. In this paper, we find the Maximum and Minimum of total coloring for a certain Line graphs of a snake graph families and further we established the results on maximum number colors required to total coloring to the graph G is denoted by and similarly we color the vertex of a snake graph and obtained certain results and denoted by X_Max^(G)

Decision making method of telecommunications channel throughput distribution based on linear programming and neuro fuzzy predicting tool.

In this paper, various generalized imputation procedures have been suggested and their corresponding families of estimators of population mean have been considered. Asymptotic expressions for biases and mean squared errors have been obtained. Optimum conditions are investigated at which the proposed family of estimators has minimum mean squared errors. It has been shown that the proposed imputation procedures and the resulting families of estimators due to Singh and Horn (2000), Ahmed et al. (2006), Shukla and Thakur (2008) and Pandey et al (2015) are members of the suggested procedures and estimators. The results of this paper are general and of immense useful.

Green leafy vegetables play an important place in a well-balanced and healthy diet Aim: To determine the mineral and anti-nutrient content of fresh GLV, quantify the change on drying Results: Two common (Moringa oleifera and Trigonella foenum graecum) and two uncommon (Boerhaavia diffusa and Trianthema portulacastrum) greens were selected. Their ash content ranged from 1.75±0.19 (T. foenum graecum) to 3.63±0.16 g/100g (B.diffusa) in fresh leaves. In dried leaves the ash was between 10.57±0.19 (M. oleifera) and 18.98±0.26 g/100g. (T.portulacastrum).T.foenum graecum had the least iron (3.79±0.2mg), M.oleifera had the highest (4.43±0.16 mg/100g) iron. Phytate content was 2.46±0.13 (T.portulacastrum) to 5.24±0.20 (B.diffusa) mg in fresh leaves. Conclusion: Drying concentrates the nutrients and antinutrient content