Archives-December 2011

Despite the increased importance of the role that reliability plays in commercial product development, most companies are still unable to produce reliable software. The mission of organizations is to provide innovative products at a competitive price to fulfill the needs of very high expectations highly reliable software products for its customers and to do so ahead of its competitors. This requires focus on customer’s satisfaction and software reliability to ensure that desired factor is built into the software product and enable reliable software to be produced. By optimizing best practices for defect removal, organizations can produce high reliability software. In this paper we focus on some research efforts directed at gaining a deeper understanding of the reliability estimation using different algorithms, approaches, simulation methods for software.

Built-in self-repair (BISR) techniques are widely used for repairing embedded random access memories (RAMs). One key component of a BISR module is the built-in redundancy-analysis (BIRA) design. This paper presents an effective BIRA scheme which executes the 2-D redundancy allocation based on a 1-D local bitmap. Two BIRA algorithms for supporting two different redundancy organizations are also proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed BIRA scheme can provide high repair rate (i.e., the ratio of the number of repaired memories to the number of defective memories) for the RAMs with different fault distributions. Experimental results show that the hardware overhead of the BIRA design is only about 2.9% for an 8192 64-bit RAM with two spare rows and two spare columns. Also, the ratio of the BIRA analysis time to the test time is only about 0.02% if the March-CW test is performed. Furthermore, a simulation flow is proposed to determine the size of the 1-D local bitmap such that the BIRA algorithm can provide the best repair rate using the smallest-size 1-D local bitmap.

This paper seeks to delineate the constraints imposed on translators of movie dialogues in the context of Iran. The movie ''Platoon'' is selected for this purpose. In this situation a myriad of external constraints, that is, cultural, religious, and political, lead to rewriting or manipulation of movie texts. This is an effective means for creating and naturalizing ideologies, through expurgation, derogation, etc. The movie translations in Iran are scenes of ideological incursions in translation, that is, suppression of dialectal features. They are sites of ideological clashes in which certain realities are constructed and challenged and xenophobic attitudes are propagated. The translators counterfeit realities and inculcate them in the innocent audience. This paper explores the ideological and socio-political factors which determine the strategies applied in the translation of western movies.

Current scenario in healthcare sector in Uttarakhand is disappointing. Public health service run by Government is overburdened and collapsing. Hilly geographical size, increase population density, lack of transport, inaccessibility, illiteracy, poverty, poor nutritional status, diversity in food habit and life style are various impediments. Government priorities for providing health service to rural areas is yet to be fulfilled. At this stage low budget from state for health, lack of funds and coordination have triggered down trend in health services in rural and hilly areas. As medical science is fast developing and information resource is pouring in, there is urgent need for dissemination knowledge by interlinking primary, secondary and tertiary level health centers using the ICT and e-Governance applications. This will help health personal to deliver high quality services. IT giants are experimenting for e-Governance application in health sector both in Government and private hospitals, This paper reviews use of e-Governance through ICT applications at National Level and also in Uttarakhand province. It presents facts on tele-medicine, tele-referal services and health information dissemination by Video conferencing, Some suggested services using ICT in healthcare are explained in this paper also. Use of Mobile phone to communicate health related alerts using SMS services in rural areas suggested here in this paper.

Neural Networks are being used for character recognition from last many years. This paper presents creating the Character Recognition System, in which Creating a Character Matrix and a corresponding Suitable Network Structure is key. The Feed Forward Algorithm gives insight into the enter workings of a neural network; followed by the Back Propagation Algorithm which compromises Training, Calculating Error, and Modifying Weights. We have made an attempt to recognize handwritten English characters by using a multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer. In addition, an analysis has been carried out to determine the number of hidden nodes to achieve high performance of back propagation network in the recognition of handwritten English characters. The results showed that the MLP networks trained by the error back propagation algorithm are superior in recognition accuracy and memory usage. The result indicates that the back propagation network provides good recognition accuracy of more than 70% of Handwritten English characters.

The combined effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on unsteady, laminar, free convective flow with heat and mass transfer over an incompressible viscous fluid past a non-isothermal vertical cone with variable surface temperature and concentration are considered in this article. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow that are unsteady, coupled and non-linear partial differential equations are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields have been studied for the effect of Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (F), Schmidt number (Sc), buoyancy ratio parameter (N), semi vertical cone angle ( ), surface temperature power law exponent (n) and surface concentration power law exponent (m). The local skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also presented and analyzed graphically. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases, the velocity decreases close to the cone surface and an increase in Eckert number is observed to increase both velocity and temperature. The present results are compared with the available results in literature and are found to be in good agreement.

Handwritten digit recognition is challenging problem researchers had been research into this area for so long especially in the recent years. There are many fields concern with numbers e.g. checks in banks or recognizing numbers in car plates, the subject of digit recognition appears. The main objective is to recognize digits in different applications. E.g. different users had their own handwriting styles where the main challenge falls to let computer system understand these different styles and recognize them as standard writing. Neural network can be proving as an effective tool to solve such problem. Neural network uses various algorithms for learning and classification; such as Back Propagation Algorithm, feed forward etc.

Single crystals of pure Zinc Tris-thiourea Chloride (ZTC) and L-alanine- doped ZTC were grown from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals have been subjected to single crystal x-ray diffraction to determine the unit cell dimensions. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra has been recorded in the range 400-4500 cm-1. Morphological alterations have been observed when L-alanine was doped into ZTC crystals. UV-Visible spectrum shows that the grown crystals have wide optical transparency in the entire visible region. The grown crystals were also subjected to other characterizations such as micro hardness, thermal and NLO studies.

Digital elevation model (DEM) is used to determine the drainage networks involving the size, length, slope and similar features of the basin and sub basin features related to the water resource. Most importantly the hydrological analysis to be effective if the slope, area, direction, flow length, runoff length could be better reached through DEM. Scattered hydrological models clearly suggest the spatial variability of the physical properties of the basins. In this study, the characteristics of the Kottakarai Aru water shed located in Ramanathapuram district nearer to the Bay of Bengal are explained through the digital elevation model (DEM)for a detailed study of the drainage networks.

The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethno-pharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists’ arecombing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could bedeveloped for treatment of infectious diseases. Many pathogenic microbes have capability to develop resistance against synthetic formulation. Synthetic formulation is very toxic and destroys the soil fertility and ecological balance. Plant based formulation are least toxic and better for environment balance so it can be replace by synthetic formulation. Antimicrobial activity of plants is mainly due to the presence of secondary metabolites. Plants are rich in wide varietyof secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobialproperties. This review attempts to summarize the current statusof botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed.