Archives-J 

This paper analysed the issues of market access, trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable forest management towards sustainable development. Sustainable forest management is a part of sustainable development. It is a controlling system that participates and stabilities societal, monetary, environmental, racial and mystical requirements to current and forthcoming peers. Firstly, we discussed the market access and trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable development. Secondly, we analysed the criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management in Malaysia. Finally, we related the sustainable forest management through sustainable development of trade and environment. The purposes of this learning were to high light and simplify the analysing of trade and environment on sustainable development. This study found the potential impacts of the development of market access, trade agreements, criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management and sustainable development in Malaysia.

In this study, physicochemical properties of Gilgel Gibe-I hydroelectric Dam water were investigated. Water samples were collected three times per day, from six sampling sites of the Dam. Physicochemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature and Turbidity were determined in situ, whereas, other parameters such as alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total suspended solid (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride and heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in the laboratory. The finding of the study revealed that some physicochemical properties such as pH, EC, turbidity and nitrate of the studied water samples were exceeding WHO permissible limit for surface water and only Fe were investigated in the sample and within permissible limit domestic purposes. But, the remaining studied parameters are below the permissible range prescribed in WHO guideline for the surface water.

Readymade garments is one of the prior fields of our national economy. Most of the foreign currencies are achieved from this sector. There is always a challenge to survive this sector. If one industry want to stable and try to capture new market then must have to ensure the proper quality garments. After completing the all process involves in garments it needs to inspect finally in finishing department for ensuring better quality. So the purpose of this paper is to identify topmost defects in finishing department for ensuring finishing quality. Data for this work were collected from one RMG Industry of Bangladesh. In this work the data of finishing department like total number of inspected body, no of defective body was collected for 7 days and finally calculated defect percentage from different types of defects found in finishing department. A factory should set different modern quality procedures and quality management technique for the betterment of RMG sector. Broken stitch, skip stitch, join stitch, raw edge, shape out, hole, spot, oil stain etc are the most common defects found in finishing section.

The epithermal neutron shape factor(?) in the permanent cadmium lined irradiation channel of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1(NIRR-1) was re-evaluated using the four monitor combinations 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr, 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr- 65Zn, 198Au-60C0- 97Zr- 95Zr and 198Au- 60Co- 97Zr- 95Zr- 99Mo in the monitor set Al-0.1%Au thin foil, Zr and Zn foils, Mo and Co thin wires irradiated for ? determinatiom by the cadmium covered multtimonitor method. The monitor combination 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr was found to give a relatively higher and more reasonable value of ? of -0.101±0.019. Also the value of ? determined using only the three monitor combination 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr was found to be -0.106±0.014 and is comparable with the ? value for the monitor combination198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr. The negative values of ? in both determinations indicate a hardened epithermal neutron spectrum in the cadmium lined irradiation channel.They are comparable with the value of -0.137±0.018 previously obtained. The values of the epithermal neutron flux(?e ) and comparator factor (Fc,Au ) of 4.80±0.04)×109 and (1.38±0.01)×103 respectively using the activity 198Au for the monitor combination198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr are comparable with the ?e and Fc,Au values of (4.76 ±0.04)×109 and (1.37±0.05)×103 respectively for only the three monitors 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr .The ?, ?e and Fc,Au values can be well determined in the cadmium lined irradiation channel of the NIRR-1 using only the Au+Mo+Zr or Au+Zr monitor combinations.

Since independence, the governance of development in Kenya has for the most part been centralised under the armpit of government officials. As such devolution is vaguely understood especially by grassroots leaders and communities. Consequently, central government officials have continued to determine the path of development at the grassroots especially so since they also control financial resources through the district treasury. However, the government has recognised this top-down development archetype as a major bottleneck to welfare and has been implementing policies to bring on board the beneficiaries. One major attempt was the District Focus for Rural Development Strategy of the early 1980s, which made the district the local level planning and development coordination and implementation unit. This policy faced several challenges which necessitated more focussed strategies to move decision-making powers from the centre to margin. The early years of the 21st century marked increased resource devolution and decentralized decision-making to the grassroots including Constituencies Development Fund, recruitment of some cadre of staff, management of health facilities and water resources among others. The Constitution of Kenya endorsed by about 70% of votes cast during the August 4th 2010 Referendum and subsequently promulgated by the president on August 27th 2010 is yet another devolution stab to enhance development and governance at the grassroots. This paper highlights the devolution proposals and the envisaged benefits to grassroots communities in Chapter Eleven of the Constitution of Kenya.

This research work investigated the relationship between awareness and usage patterns of electronic information resources among undergraduate students of Ekiti State University, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population was made up of undergraduate students in the faculties of the social sciences and engineering in Ekiti state university, Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaire designed to elicit response from respondents and analysed using descriptive statistics method of frequency count and percentages. However, out of four hundred (400) copies of questionnaire administered to the students three hundred and fifty (350) were returned which represents 87.5% response rate for the study. Findings revealed that there is low awareness of some e-resources such as CD-ROM databases and OPAC among the respondents which could possibly influence their usage of e-resources. The study concluded that e-resources are widely used in the surveyed university, and that awareness about e-resources could possibly lead to increased usage. Good internet connectivity will go a long way to further encourage users to use the e-resources for which the university library has subscribed. However, it was recommended that subscriptions to e-resources should reflect the priorities and preferences of users as well as increasing the level of awareness of the availability of new e-resources and additions of new databases for users of the library among other recommendations.

Biofertilzers are substances obtained from living microorganisms with the potential to supply crops with useful nutrients. Commonly used Biofertilizers supply nitrogen and phosphorus, and these nutrients are the most limiting ones in Sub-Saharan African. Nitrogen has a higher leaching capacity and thus more losses are experienced in agriculture than what is up taken by crops for growth while P sources are getting depleted. Despite many soils lacking these elements, the peasant farmers cannot afford their high cost. On the other hand, if supplied in higher amounts, lead to pollution of ground and surface bodies and eutrophication in the water bodies in the catchment areas. Biofertilizers are therefore considered to be eco-friendly and cost effective. These micro-organisms once inoculated in the soil show different modes of action that promote nutrient availability to crops. These mechanisms include; scavenging for nutrients from soil layers, solubilization of some inorganic compounds, and production of growth promoting metabolites, decomposition, and fixation of the free nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, the use of these biofertilizers has different challenges which may contribute for low adoption by farmers. The review therefore seeks to understand mode of application, mechanisms of plant uptake and the reasons that dissuade farmers from adopt these noble techniques.

The study examined the mentors? perception on the challenges and the opportunities encountered by the mentors while mentoring the undergraduate research project in colleges under Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) with special reference to Gedu College of Business Studies. The study has been motivated by the realization that some of the mentors are reluctant to take the undergraduate research groups. Therefore, it is important to find out what are some of the challenges and opportunities faced by the respective mentors in the process of mentoring the research projects. To make the study more authentic and realistic, purposive sampling had been used and personal interviews were conducted to collect data for the study. The data collected through personal interviews were analyzed thematically. The study intends to highlight the most challenging factors and try to provide suitable recommendations. The findings of the study entails that the most challenging part of mentoring is time management and lack of students? knowledge on research. Most of the respondents find it difficult to adjust their time for research due to their teaching workload. Nevertheless, the study also found out that they also get various benefits and opportunities in the process of mentoring.

The Kenya Vision 2030, which is the blue print of development in Kenya, aims at making Kenya a globally competitive and prosperous nation through security, peace building, conflict management participatory governance, legal reforms and inculcation of a culture of respect for sanctity of human life. The general objective of this study was to identify the challenges faced by teachers in implementing peace education and determine the approaches used in the implementation of peace education. This study is grounded on the integrative theory of peace in which. The descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. The study targeted all the 8 public primary schools with a population of 97 teachers. Purposive sampling techniques were used to get 8 head teachers and get 40 teachers. Questionnaires were used to collect the required information. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of peace education in the sub county included lack of peace educational materials, trained teachers in peace education, inadequate time allocated and teachers being overloaded due to shortage of teachers. The study recommended that the Ministry of Internal Affairs conducts comprehensive civic education and social cohesion to the residents in the area, to mitigate instances of recurrent conflict which is witnessed every electioneering year, that the ministry of education provides more in-service courses on peace and that the KIE provides guidelines on the methodologies of teaching peace education.

Calculated indices are now emerging as clinically useful tools for the preliminary diagnosis for a variety of disorders/diseases. Such indices are derived from a measured analyte or set of analytes and they will then be used as tools to monitor/evaluate the preliminary clinical condition associated with a particular organ such as liver, kidney or respiratory related problems. Among such calculated parameters, eGFR and FENa for renal, liver enzyme ratios, FIB-4 and APRI for liver and anion gap for acid base disorders have been extensively used. This review article highlights the recent research findings in the use of such calculated parameters for clinical use, and its merits and demerits in providing awareness to clinicians about its significance and use in clinical practice.