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Nonlinear optical L-Alanine Lithium Nitrate (LALN) single crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution method at room temperature. The title compound was characterized by various methods such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The grown LALN was found to crystallize in orthorhombic system with space group P212121. The SHG efficiency of LALN was found to be 0.42 times that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) and 0.12 times that of urea.

In the present study, herbicide 2,4-D was investigated for its potency to induce oxidative stress and its effects on antioxidant systems in gill and liver tissues of (Xiphophorus hellerii). Animals were exposed to sublethal doses of 2,4-D for 96 hours except for the control group. Protein, malondialdehyde, catalase and acetylcholine esterase enzyme activity (AChE) were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The results show that protein levels were reduced in all experiments when compared to control group. Levels of malondialdehyde were increased in each group. Catalase enzyme activity was significantly decreased in all groups. In addition, an increased AChE activity was observed.

This article was written with the aim of examining the differing views of the scholars of the art of the trope in the subject of mental trope or tropical predication and tries to compare the different aspects of scholars’ views with an analytical and descriptive method and finally with the help of those scholars’ views and studying the historical evolutionary course of that rhetorical device give a fruitful result to the lovers of the this art. Mental trope is one of the devices of the rhetoric in general and art of the trope in specific that the domain of dialectic and arguments about it goes back to the history of rhetoric and it came to known as propositional trope, trope in proof, and tropical predication. Mental trope is generally about the construction and the structure of the sentence and is beyond the boundary of the word; that is, each single word of the sentence is used in its conventional meaning, however, the construction of the sentence is not in agreement with its real concept. In other words, the verb and verbal group (infinitive, gerund, and past participle) is attributed to an agent other than its real agent.

The Universe is globally hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically [S. A. Mabkhout, Phys. Essays 25, 112 (2012)]. The solution predicts the equation of state of cosmology ( P = -???? ). Penrose said if the curvature is not equal to zero, then inflation is out. The hyperbolic universe inflates exponentially produces an accelerated expansion of the universe without cosmological constant or scalar field, as we have shown [S. A. Mabkhout, Phys. Essays 26,422 (2013)]. “In testing the validity of any scientific paradigm, the key criterion is whether measurements agree with what is expected given the paradigm”1. The hyperbolic time evolution equation of the universe (the hyperbolic scale factor) fits the observed data and successfully predicts the Planck length (10-33 cm) at micro-cosmos scale as well as it predicts the current observed large structure (1028 cm) at macro-cosmos scale, thus connecting both General Relativity and Quantum Theory. The distance horizon in the flat universe is 14 Gpc. We found the distance horizon in the hyperbolic universe to be infinitely, thus solves the horizon problem. Although the perspective for nearby objects in hyperbolic space is very nearly identical to Euclidean space (i.e., the universe locally is approximately flat consistent with local observations, the apparent angular size of distant objects falls off much more rapidly, in fact exponentially. The universe is globally hyperbolic. Locally the spacetime is approximately flat, by means of the hyperbolic inflation. . Locally any deviations from flatness will be hyperbolically suppressed by the hyperbolic expansion of the scale factor, and the flatness problem is solved.

Addiction to drugs, change of thoughts, excitement and behavior is one of the most significant psychosocial damage that can easily destroy the basis of individual, family and social life of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive intervention Behavioral, psychological well-being and self-retention of addicts in drug addiction camps. The results of this study show that cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on the quality of life in addicts in drug addiction treatment centers, cognitive-behavioral intervention, on psychological well-being, in drug addicts in centers for addiction abandonment camps. Cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on life expectancy in drug addicts in drug addiction camps. In the recommendations of this research, one of the important variables is the way of teaching to addicts. It seems that the personality traits of the educator, and how he communicates with addicts, is effective on psychological well-being and the life expectancy of addicts. Therefore, it is suggested that this variable should be included in future research, and its relationship with social adaptation and more skills should be measured.

Thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger explains the heat transfer coefficient, hydraulic diameter, Colburn factor, friction factor, Reynolds number of plate fin heat exchanger. The present review explains the various correlations used in the thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger. Colburn factor ,hydraulic diameter and Friction factor are the major parameters in the design correlations.

Bantuan Geran Per Kapita merupakan bantuan kewangan yang diperuntukkan kepada setiap pelajar warganegara Malaysia yang bersekolah di Sekolah Kerajaan atau Sekolah Bantuan Kerajaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebolehan dan mengenalpasti jenis pengetahuan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita mata pelajaran dalam kalangan guru-guru MPAV di SMV Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik yang merupakan instrumen dalam kajian ini. Sampel kajian ini melibatkan 54 orang guru di empat buah sekolah aliran vokasional. Sekolah yang terlibat dalam kajian ini ialah Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Tanah Merah, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pasir Mas, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pengkalan Chepa dan Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Kuala Krai. Data dan dapatan kajian dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan perisian ‘Statistical Package For Social Sciences’ SPSS versi 16.0 untuk mendapatkan nilai skor min dan nilai peratusan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebolehan guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV berada pada tahap tinggi dengan skor min 3.82. Manakala pengetahuan berkaitan pembayaran dalam menguruskan geran per kapita menunjukkan skor min yang tinggi iaitu 4.28 berbanding perolehan dan pelupusan. Bagi analisis data dalam kajian hubungan tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan menunjukkan perkaitan yang rendah dimana (r = -0.11). Perkaitan yang dihuraikan adalah tidak signifikan kerana p > 0.05 (p = 0.40) maka Ho tidak boleh ditolak iaitu terdapat perkaitan statistik yang signifikan antara tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita MPAV. Seterusnya kajian ini menyarankan bahawa kursus-kursus dalam perkhidmatan dapat menambahbaik kebolehan dan pengetahuan guru-guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV.

Iranian garden is the original output of Iranian life and mental interaction in their natural environment. Zand dynasty, commenced in Iran after overthrowing of Safavid and Afsharieh, is a short period from 1750 to 1794. Yet, not so much studies have been done in Zand architecture and urban planning. In this article, the gardens of Zand dynasty in Shiraz will be functionally, geometrically and structurally analyzed, and in this way the typology of gardens during this period is presented. General speaking, Zandiyeh gardens can be divided into two classes of "state gardens" (e.g., Jahan-Nama, Nazar, Divankhane Gardens) and "graveyard gardens" (e.g., Chehel-Tanan and Haft-Tanan Gardens). Not that Zandiyeh gardens are of ample variety and complexity from viewpoint of form or shape. Pergolas are oblongs of extended length to the northern side of the land or possibly as octagons. The building materials are mostly plain bricks with tiling ornamentations in a minimal. As compared with the Safavid dynasty gardens, the Zandiyeh's are generally of smaller size not to mention their being of more humanitarian scales collated with the Safavid's. The aim in building those gardens had not been amusement of the ruling clause but, rather, focusing on national-urban-state needs.

Vehicle Theftshas been rapidly increasing in the present automobile industry, designing an intelligent security system for vehicles can be done by using a microcontroller. The developed security system makes use of ARM microcontroller, touch screen, a GSM module, and MEMS that is embedded in the vehicle by interfacing it to Engine Control Module (ECM).In the present day vehicles, remote keyless entry system and immobilizer system are used for prevention of vehicle theft. The proposed project aims to design a theft prevention and thief identification system by adding another level of security enhancements and improvising the existing system to overcome drawbacks. As automobiles become more sophisticated, security system for vehicles must be stronger. Thelist of features implemented in this project are, smart gravitational lock, touch screen ignition, thief identification by camera etc., The features are implemented by using triple axis MEMS Accelerometer, Touch screen, GPS Receiver, GSM cellular modem, VGA spy camera. The goal behind this design is to prevent vehicles thefts rather than finding the theft vehicle and a spysystem to identify the thief for future assistance.

In the present communication doping of Polypyrrole (Ppy) has been done with a multiligand urea complex of cobalt(II) via in situ oxidative polymerization using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The dopant has been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The composite based on the synthesized dopant has been subjected to FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques.Surface morphology of Ppy and its composite with metal complex is investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM).Thermal analysis has been done by using TG and DSC technique. The dopant has developed the crystallinityin amorphous Ppy and has increased its thermal stability. XRD results show crystalline nature of composite.Parameters like crystallite size, interplanar distance, micro strain and dislocation density have been calculated by using Bragg’s and other related equations. Moreover lattice parameters a, b, c, ?, ? and ? have also been calculated for the dopant as well as the composite using powder X softwareThermogravimetric analysis reveals that the thermal stability of composite is better to that of pure polypyrrole.