Archives-J 

Semi-organic nonlinear optical crystal Pottasium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystals doped with mono, di, trivalent metal ion(Ag+,Ca2+,Cr3+) doped separately were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The crystal system and lattice parameters were confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmittance of electromagnetic radiation is studied through UV-Visible spectrum. The mechanical property of grown crystals has been analyzed by Vicker’s microhardness method. The thermal behaviour of the grown crystals has been investigated by DTA and TGA analysis. SHG efficiencies were measured using Kurtz powder technique. The NLO efficiency of these crystals was measured and Ca2+ doped KAP have the highest SHG value than all other crystals.

Bloom Filter (BF) is a simple but powerful data structure that can check membership to a static set. The trade-off to use Bloom filter is a certain configurable risk of false positives. The odds of a false positive can be made very low if the hash bitmap is sufficiently large. Spam is an irrelevant or inappropriate message sent on the internet to a large number of newsgroups or users. A spam word is a list of well-known words that often appear in spam mails. The proposed system of Bin Bloom Filter (BBF) groups the words into number of bins with different false positive rates based on the weights of the spam words for spam filtering. Simulated Annealing (SA) is stimulated by an analogy to annealing in solids. It is used to search for feasible solutions and converge to an optimal solution. In this paper SA is applied to minimize the total membership invalidation cost of BBF. The experimental results are analyzed for various sizes of bins. The results show that, the BBF using SA with different false positive rate has lower total membership invalidation cost than the standard BF.

This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for modelling gas evolution and current distribution in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The improved two-phase model includes a new sub-model for estimating the interface mass transfer without empirical correlations. Simulation results in a horizontal channel of the DMFC agree with typical trends reported in the literature for bubbly flows. The increase in inlet flow rate is found to lead to a decrease in the gas content in the outlet of the anode channels. A case study illustrates applications of the CFD model for modelling gas evolution and current distribution in a DMFC with a parallel flow-field design. Simulation results with a improved two-phase model provide an explanation of experimental observations of a transparent DMFC with parallel channels. An improved three-dimensional CFD model includes all relevant phenomena and is valuable for gas management in a DMFC design.

The absorber layer antimony tin sulfide thin film was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using two source simultaneous deposition techniques for solar cell applications. The photoconductivity was measured with a photoconductivity spectrometer which confirms the photo-activeness of antimony tin sulfide. Thickness, band gap, refractive index and transmittance were calculated by using ellipsometry techniques. The transmittance of the material was above the visible range which decreases with the increase of wavelength. The material has n-type conductivity measured with hot probe technique.

The authors bring back a case of ostéoïd ostéoma of the ulnar styloide. It was about a 26-year-old, military young man, who appeared in consultation for pain of the left wrist of inflammatory speed feigning monoarthritis. The diagnosis of the ostéoïd ostéoma was evoked to the standard radiography and the scanning, and confirmed by the anatomopathologique examination. The treatment was surgical by percutaneous resection under control scopique with good result.

Fruits and vegetables are high value commercial crops grown in an area of about 16.19 million hectares with a production of 243.47 million tones in India in 2012-13. Over the years (2001-02 to 2013-14), there is an increase in area, production and productivity of fruits with compound growth rate of 5.71, 6.31 and 1.08 percent respectively. In addition, there is an increase in area, production as well as productivity of vegetables with compound growth rate of 3.99, 6.20 and 2.13 percent respectively. Seasonal variability in fruits and vegetables has shown inverse relationship between arrivals and prices. At the time of harvesting, there is glut in market that adversely affects the prices because of which seasonal indices for arrivals are maximum and corresponding prices are relatively low. Pre-harvest losses occur due to attack of insect- pest, rodents, birds and infestation of weeds and diseases. Post harvest losses for fruits and vegetables occur in different stages of marketing viz. picking/ plucking, assembling, grading, packing, storage, loading/ unloading, transport etc. In India, the scientific storage capacity is only 30 percent of the required capacity. Cold storage facility is available for only 10 percent of fruits and vegetables. Only 2-3 per cent of the produce is processed in India. Due to lack of proper handling (cleaning, sorting, grading and packaging) facilities at the village level with about 30 percent of fruits and vegetables and 10 percent of spices are lost before reaching the market. There is a wide scope of increase in processing capacity for fruit and vegetable industry.

Plant derived components have a great significance and act as potent alternatives for the treatment of cancer without having harmful after effects on human body. There are about 250,000 plant species out of which more than one thousand plants possess significant anticancer properties which has been proven by scientists. Plant derived components such as Taxol, podophyllotoxin, etoposide, camptothecin, topotican, vinblastine, etc are of great contribution towards anti-cancer activity by plants

In this study, a surface structure of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano rods prepared by hydrothermal method was investigated. The crystal structure of ZnO nano rods arrays were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with Cu K? radiation. The surface morphologies were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The prepared ZnO nano rods have wide range of applications in Photo catalytic degradation of textile colouring dyes.

Nowadays, due to global competition the growing, e-commerce is faced with increasingly complex challenges. E-commerce has been greatly influenced by online advertising sites. Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. However, the question is, do the IT managements know how to choose the best advertising site to introduce products and services? To answer this, it is necessary to recognize influential factors on choosing the best advertising site and current competition position based on agile capabilities. They have to, because managers cannot expect to find the method to achieve this goal, if they don’t have accurate data about the ranking of advertising sites. The goal of this paper is identify of agile capabilities and ranking advertisement sites by presenting a model based on the knowledge of multi criteria decision making. After determining criteria, weight devoting was performed by using the expert's views in the IT departments. Ultimately, ranking of advertisement sites was done by applying the algorithm of PROMETHEE .

Higher education has enormous potential to promote prosperity in the developing nations. The development of a modern society depends to a large extent on the nature and standard of higher education. This paper is about tracing global links in higher education reforms in all over the world. The paper tries to describe globalization and its general effects which are currently observable across the globe, encompassing nations which are culturally and economically very diverse. It particularly highlights the effects of globalization on higher education reforms, which are competitiveness-driven, finance-driven and equity-driven. Throughout the World, universities change the society and remain the center of change and development. In the context of Pakistan, various Education Commissions were set up so far theoretically emphasized on unlocking potential at all levels of society and creating a pool of highly trained individuals to contribute to the national development. But in practice these universities are weak and need amendment. Dedication of teachers and students can improve the culture of higher education in Pakistan. Initiate to free the universities from the clutches of politics can play a lot of the overall improvement of the higher education. In light of these global higher education reform patterns the paper explores the major educational reforms being pursued in Pakistan since 1947 in higher education. The paper argues that globalization has seriously challenged the national reform policies, which are now becoming more and more globally driven. Rather than out rightly rejecting all global policies, engaging critically with them is the stance of the authors and as the title indicates also, this paper is an attempt to analyze the problems and reforms in higher education system in Pakistan.