Archives-J 

The increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation along with the high fraction of organic and other types of wastes is the current scenario in many tourist resorts of Kashmir valley in India. As a response to this problem, we carried out a study on the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation between May 2010 and 2011 in Yusmarg area, of the valley. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantity, composition and sources of wastes generated to recommend appropriate management practices. The study was based on three sites with marked differences in their physical and biotic features. The pattern of generation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) during the study showed a marked seasonal variation. The maximum average net weight of wastes was observed at site 2 (7.86 Kg/day), while as minimum was observed at site 3 (2.55 Kg/day). Among the constituents of wastes the net weight (%) was dominated by Food wastes (41.23%) followed by cardboard (15.28%), glass (11.16%) and rubber & Leather (0.17%) at all sites. Further analysis showed that the maximum Total Net Weight (46.25 Kg/Day) was contributed by recyclable wastes followed by (33.33 Kg/Day) compostable wastes, 2.57 Kg/Day by combustible wastes and 0.7 Kg/Day by inert materials. These insights into generated waste and management practice in Yusmarg health resort allow making suggestions for improved collection and disposal methods. A primary conclusion is that the biodegradable waste is a major fraction having suitable properties for recycling.

This paper aims at examining the state capacity in enforcement of environmental standards in the context of organizational development, central to which is the need for continuous effectiveness. The neo-liberal proponents presuppose that with a limited scope of functions, the state becomes more effective and efficient in discharging its core functions. From the mid 1980s Tanzania has been implementing neo-liberal reforms. A new environmental policy was formulated in 1997 then followed by the enactment of the new environmental management legislation in 2004. The question is, to what extent have these changes improved the Tanzanian state capacity in effectively managing the environment? The central argument of the paper is that in spite of the changes in the policy and legal framework in order to improve its mandate, the state, through the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC), is still institutionally impaired to the extent it cannot effectively ensure and monitor compliance with environmental standards. This then suggests that the assumption that the state’s capacity would be enhanced if the state had concentrated on its ‘core’ functions requires re-examination.

In this study, the effects of Lpg–gasoline (10%, 20%, 30% LPG and 100% Gasoline) dual fuels on the performance of a single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition (SI) engine were investigated. In the theoretical study, the Single-cylinder, four-stroke, Single-point injection system SI engine fitted to a Generator was used. For this purpose, simulations were carried out using AVL Boost Software, without catalytic convertor under constant engine speed (3600 rpm) and varying load conditions. The variations in Performance brake power, Torque, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gasses were examined at varying compression ratios for dual fuel single cylinder SI engine. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the fuel economy of SI engines. The results obtained from the use of Lpg–gasoline dual fuel were compared to those of gasoline fuel. The results indicated that when Lpg–gasoline dual fuel were used, the brake specific fuel consumption increased and engine performance parameters such as torque and power increases with increasing Lpg amount in the blended dual fuel. Positive results were obtained at all LPG usage levels in terms of exhaust emissions. Best results were achieved at using 100% Gasoline for exhaust emissions.

The dawn of Internet and eCommerce has opened new ways of business for many financial institutions. It has connected organizations all over the world. Online banking is the order of the day. The main feature of internet Banking is the 24/7 users’ direct access to the information system of a bank without any geographical restrictions. Similarly, iBanking is time and cost saving, simple, accessible, ease-to-use and reliable to both the customers and the bankers to carryout business online. However, there are still many customers who do not use or reluctant to use eBanking services. This research is aimed to explore the factors responsible for the user-acceptance of eBanking in Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The researcher has done extensive literature review to analyze and understand the problem with regard to critical success/failure factors of customer acceptance and developed and tested a model in the local environment of Dera Ismail Khan.

Malaysia has always been proud of her unique natural environment and cultural heritages, but still is searching for an exclusive identity of its own gardens. There is a great potential for development of a garden identity for the country, based on her rich legacy in traditions, cultures and beliefs, through which she could identify herself. The nation has a complex population composed of Malay, Chinese and Indian races. Hence, the icon, form, quality and appearance that are going to be introduced for Malaysian gardens should be appreciated, valued and respected by the Malaysian publics with diverse culture and preferences. This paper aims to propose a preferred iconography as a basic approach to create and develop a garden identity for Malaysia. Conducting photo surveys and testing public opinion of garden iconographies, including different garden scenes, reveals the preferred qualities for the image of Malaysian gardens. The result is expected to contribute towards the basic knowledge of Malaysian garden iconography as well as essential findings for landscape architects and garden enthusiasts to design and build garden with Malaysia identity acceptable by the Malaysian public. Moreover, this approach can propose a working model to identify preferred garden iconographies for new developing gardens and can be generalized to international scale.

The transesterification reaction is actually replacement of alcohol group from an ester by another alcohol. The reaction was carried out by varying different parameters, like amount of catalyst in reaction, ratio of methyl alcohol to oil, temperature and stirring on the reaction; to find the best conversion of oil to biodiesel. Alkali catalysed transesterification is considered to be the best amongst all methods available for the production of biodiesel from fresh oil. Our aim is to establish the parametric dependency of the reaction from the experiments.

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from moringa seed husk by chemical activation method using of potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation. The activated carbon produced was characterized and tested for the removal of two different dyes from wastewater. The Activity tests were carried out for five different masses of activated carbon and three contact times in order to investigate the effect of mass of activated carbon and contact time respectively. The experimental results showed that an increase in the mass of the activated carbon produced leads to a higher percentage removal of dye from wastewater.

The study was carried out to determine the variations in growth hormone secretion in females between morning and evening. Blood samples were collected from 60 females at Elele, both in the morning and evening. The samples were assayed using ELISA-based Growth hormone assay to quantitate the growth hormone concentrations of these females between morning and evening. The result showed a significant increase in growth hormone secretion in the morning (4.70±0.54ng/ml) compared with (2.02±0.23ng/ml) obtained in the evening (P<0.05). Females less than 20 years of age (20 subjects) had the highest secretion in the morning (4.99±0.98) compared with the evening (2.35±0.35) while females within 20-30 years had4.58±1.04 and1.54±0.33 for morning and evening respectively. Females within 30-40 age group had 4.53±0.80 and 2.18±0.50 for morning and evening respectively. The result of this study suggest that Growth hormone pulse amplitude increased significantly in the morning after the onset of a night sleep (4.70±0.54) and was significantly greater than the secretion rate in the evening(2.02±0.23).

Infectious endocarditis with Q fever is a rare and not very specific infection; Its diagnosis is difficult since it is usually a negative blood culture endocarditis. From a patient who was hospitalized in the cardiology department at the Mohamed IV University Hospital Center in Oujda; We describe the clinical and paraclinic presentation of this type of endocarditis while analyzing its lesional features; Therapeutic and evolutionary

Industrial automation is the use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and/or quality beyond that possible with current human labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and/or realize predictable quality levels. In the scope of industrialisation, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements while increasing load capacity, speed, and repeatability. Generally PLC Is used for the task of industrial automation, here we introduce new concept in automation is use of “Embedded PLC”for the industrial automation which overcome all the limitation of conventional PLC. For the purpose of automating some task we use neumerous wired or wireless sensors with Embedded PLC. It provide smooth control over the Industrial Systems. After investigated the conception and features of PLC and embedded system, in this paper the development of low-cost embedded PLC for Industrial Controls & Monitoring. This paper describes the real-time industrial automation using Embedded PLC.