Archives-J 

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded as one of the most outstanding multicarrier modulation technique in fourth generation (4G) wireless networks, which makes it possible to transfer very high bit rates despite extensive multipath radio propagation (echoes). The use of smart antenna arrays both at transmitter and receiver further increases the bit rate and enhance the system diversity on time variant and frequency selective channels resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration. However one of the main disadvantages associated with MIMO-OFDM is the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter’s output signal on different antennas. High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for MIMO-OFDM system is still a demanding area and difficult issue. So far numerous techniques based on PAPR reduction have been proposed. In this paper a new method based on the combination of OSTBC Encoder andSpreading code sequence have been implemented and simulated. The results obtained are compared with earlier results based on transformtechniques.Simulations show that better results are obtained in proposed technique.

Ferrous, non-ferrous metals and alloys are melts and reshape them into finished shape through pouring molten metal into a mold cavity through solidification. The present review confines itself to the literature on the understanding of necessary conditions that are affect the casting properties i.e.grain nucleation, grain growth and other properties of solidified finished shape. After completion of nucleation, solidification process will continue with the growth of nuclei. The number of nucleation sites in casting nucleation and growth of grain refinement can be achieved by increasing the grain refinement is important. In general, finer grain size leads to high mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, toughness, fatigue strength and yield. Mechanical properties and grain refinement can be achieved by the mold rotation, mechanical vibration and electromagnetic stirring. In this paper also review the cooling rate, nucleation presents, grain size, grain growth and solidification behavior change under static and oscillatory casting conditions.

Today, the violence against women is the most pervasive yet under recognized social problem, not only in India but also throughout the world. It is present in every country, cutting across boundaries of culture, class, education and age. More significantly, with the increasing trend of urbanization the number of cases of violence against women has rapidly grown over the years. Hence in the present study an attempt is made to analyze the relationship between urbanization and increasing violence against women. For the said purpose, the data on the total number of cases registered under major six types of violence against women (Rape, Kidnapping of Women & Girls, Dowry Deaths, Cruelty by husband/in laws, Molestation & Sexual Harassment and PIT Act) during the period of 2001 to 2011 has been collected from all the police stations of all the seven divisions of Bangalore city. In the present study the pattern of violence against women in Bangalore city particularly during the period of 2001 to 2011 has been examined in the larger context of Indian society. The major casual factors for the violence against women have been discussed from sociological perspective. Further, important suggestions have been made to reform the existing legislative system regarding violence against women and at the end to provide gender justice in all the sections of the society.

To evaluate the financial conditions and performance of a company, the financial analysis needs certain yardsticks. Among the variables, tools are employed in analyzing the financial information contained in the financial statements. Ratio analysis is a widely used tool, which is relevant in assessing the performance of a firm in respect of liquidity position, long-term, solvency. In additional to this, it helps to predict the financial distress of the business. An attempt has been made in the present study to have an insight into the examination of financial health of the organization using Z-Score analysis.

Relationship marketing means establishing long term relationship with the customers. As loyal customers serve as a profitable source for a company so companies use different techniques to make them loyal. Membership cards have become quite a popular technique of relationship marketing. Companies are increasing targeting the elements that reflect the customers’ emotional bonding with companies. In this research an attempt done to determine different elements of affective loyalty and the role of loyalty programs in determining the difference between members and non members regarding these affective loyalty variables. Data is collected through questionnaire and analysed through independent sample t test. The results reveal that there is significant difference between members and non members for all dimensions of affective loyalty.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.

Stevia is a natural sweetener. The herb can aid in weight loss by reducing appetite and can be used to suppress tobacco and alcohol cravings. Stevia leaf also contains various vitamins and minerals including vitamins A and C, zinc, , magnesium and iron. Stevia leaves contain numerous natural nutrients important to regulating blood sugar, including chromium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin B3 (Niacin), which the body converts into niacin amide and nicotinic acid. In the present study the nutritive value and shelf life of the products (Flavoured Milk and Custard Pudding) prepared from stevia powder was estimated and analyzed. In has been found that both products have very high nutritive value and self life indicate that they are also stable preparations under normal domestic storage conditions.

In this research, we can try to analyze policy making process from politic point of view, and we treated with define politics, operational principle of politics, politic parties, power and it is resources, beneficiary groups, origin of nominee group’s formation and it’s concluded that policy making is a political process. And in another words, policy making before being a weighty and logical choosing, is result of power action and political business.

Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) topologies have received increasing attention in recent years for high power applications. It serves as a suitable interface for fuel cells to convert low voltage high current input into a high voltage low current output. The advantages of interleaved boost converter compared to the classical boost converter are low input current ripple, high efficiency, faster transient response, reduced electromagnetic emission and improved reliability. This paper focuses on power loss analysis of the interleaved converter with winding –cross-coupled inductors and switched-capacitors. The performance parameter of interleaved converter such as switching losses, conduction losses and efficiency has been studied. Simulations of IBC interfaced with fuel cells have been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Remote sensing is a major source of data to prepare land cover map. The present study has been conducted to investigate the ability of Landsat ETM satellite in order to prepare land cover map. The images were taken on July 10, 2014 and has been georeferenced by using digital coordinate map with scale of 1: 25000.The amount of RMSE that obtained from geo-referenced images was o.348. In order to prepare for processing digital data, such as contrast enhancement, optimum index factor(OIF), principal component analysis(PCA), producing false color composite and vegetation indices improving operations and enhancing images were carried out on the data. Based on studies and field visits with help of control points and global positioning system, ground real map was prepared. To classify data Supervised classification methods were used. After classification, land cover maps with different classes were prepared. Overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to classify maximum likelihood are 86.31% and 83.93% respectively. For a minimum distance 70.83% and 68.49%, for Minimum Mahalanobis Distance 85.95% and 81.53% and parallelepiped are 82.31% and 79.84% were obtained.