Archives-J 

The focus of this study is to explore EFL teachers’ evaluations and expectations about English language courses as EFL in Iran. In other words, this article aims at creating a new avenue for effective EFL teaching curriculum and syllabus in the Iranian context. Iranian universities offer basic, general, and specific English courses as a part of their program, which are not being very effective. These courses do not promote the students in dealing with their disciplines or programs oriented courses. Even after completion of these courses in three or more semesters, students fail to grasp comprehensive control over the reading materials of their field. This is a common scenario in almost all the universities in Iran. The authors of this paper ventured to study the predicament of EFL courses in some universities. The data were collected through questionnaires from a total of 40 EFL teachers at 8 universities. The research results revealed that the existing English Course syllabus is not tailored appropriately to the needs of the students. It, therefore, suggests that university English courses should be redesigned in assimilating the learners’ need, and course contents should cover the socio-cultural factors of the learners.

Flood discharge is one of important factors in designs and hydrological works. Because of non-facilities and non-hydrometric equipment in basins without statistics or with deficient statistics especially in small watersheds, estimation of maximum instantaneous flood discharge is one of main problems in watershed projects. In this stud with the aim of determination of acceptable method to estimate maximum instantaneous flood discharge in small watersheds, two methods one base to basin area and other based to physiographical feature and precipitation were studied. The results showed that among methods related to basin area, Horton method with residual sum of squares 2.8(RMSE=2.8) and among methods related to basin- physiographical feature and precipitation, curve number with RMSE=20.6 had least error .so, determined as the best methods. FHWA method because of having most amount of RMSE=5924.5 had the least efficiency for determination of peak discharge in this area.

The effect of drying behavior on drying rate and quality characteristics of potato slices in a vacuum- infrared drying system was studied. In this work, the effect of the infrared radiation powers (100, 150 and 200 W) and vacuum levels (20, 80, 140 mm [Hg] and atmosphere pressure) at different thickness (1, 2 and 3 mm) on drying rate, shrinkage percentage and rehydration capacity were investigated. From the study, it was concluded that IR power level has significant effects to processing time and drying rate.The processing time reduced,while drying rates were higher with increased in IR power. Drying rate curve of potato slices at initially time of drying because of surface moisture evaporation in the ascending phase and afterward due to the start of influence of water from within of material to surface descending phase occurs. Also shrinkage percentage increased with increase of sample thickness. In other words, shrinkage was decreased at different thickness with increase of infrared radiation power and vacuum level. It was found that the long period of drying and increase of sample thickness may have contributed to a decrease in rehydration capacity. However, rehydration capacity at temperature 100°C for 3 min was more than temperature 25°C in duration 12 min.

Travel and Tourism industry is helping India’s economy in generating employment opportunities directly and indirectly. The present investigation is an analysis of financial and operating performance of a specialised financial institution came into existence to promote tourism in India i.e. Tourism Finance Corporation of India Ltd. It contributes in the development of tourism facilities in the country. The main concern of the study is to analyse financial and operational performance of the corporation through Financial Statement Analysis. The study is based exclusively on secondary data, which has been collected from various annual reports of Tourism Finance Corporation of India Ltd. The data has been analysed and interpreted by FSA, tables and graphs to make the data presentable and easy to understand. The research will provide assistance to the TFCI and other financial institutions to judge their financial and operational efficiency in respect to its beneficiaries in the society.

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plantain peel (PPL) after its biodegradation with Aspergillus niger and also to determine the effect of degraded PPL on the performance, nutrient digestibility, weights of internal organs , haematological and serum parameters of broiler finishers. A total of 165 unsexed broiler finishers were used. The design was Completely Randomized. Aspergillus niger was used for the biodegradation of PPL. There were five dietary treatments of 33 birds each. There were 0 % inclusion level of PPL, 7% inclusion level of undegraded PPL (UPPL) and 3,5 and 7% inclusion levels of degraded PPL (DPPL).Weight gained was significantly (P<0.05) higher with the birds fed degraded PPL. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) highest in birds placed on 7% UPPL (3.38). There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre. Crop, gizzard and abdominal fat were significantly (P<0.05) affected. The values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Protein, Cholesterol and Glucose were significantly (P<0.05) different in Haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fungal biodegradation of PPL using A.niger has the potential of enhancing feed intake, nutrient digestibility and the body weight gain of broiler.

With the advancement in wireless communication technology, various networks exists simultaneously. The variation in wireless network parameters is imprecise in nature. To handle this imprecise data fuzzy logic can be used as an important tool for wireless network algorithms. Application of fuzzy logic/fuzzy controller in wireless communications is presented in this paper. The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of use of fuzzy logic based algorithms in heterogeneous wireless environment. This paper will focus on application of fuzzy logic in cognitive radio, wireless sensor networks, decision making in heterogeneous wireless environment, routing in mobile Ad-hoc networks etc.

The Study examined gender-based labour contribution and decision making role among maize farming households in Lafia Local Government Area, North-central Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaire from 60 households randomly selected and analyzed with descriptive statistics and decision making index (DMI). The results showed that Male members of maize farming households contributed 74% of the total household labour needed for maize production per hectare in the study area. However, labour contribution towards post-harvest farm operations by female farmers was 16% higher than that of male. Male farmers in maize farming households dominated decision making role for all activities (with DMI? l) except for processing (1.6) and consumption (1.6) of farm produce decision activities. Poor income, culturally gender-assigned responsibility, poor access to farm inputs, multiple domestic responsibility were ranked major constraints to women contribution to household farming decisions. In order to encourage greater participation of women in agricultural production and household farming decisions for increased food production and income, efforts should be made towards improving women access to farm inputs and credit facility. Literacy and sensitization progamme on gender issues should be embark upon for the purpose of promoting shared responsibilities.

In this paper, we introduce generalized semi generalized closed sets (gsg-closed sets) in bitopological spaces and basic properties of these sets are analyzed. As an application this closed set we investigate the notion of (i,j) -Tgsg space. Further we define and study (i,j)-gsg continuous mappings in bitopological spaces and some of their properties have been investigated. ?

Eighteen Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger configuration with a maximum current electrode separation varying from 200m to 650m were carried out at Umutu and environs in Delta State Nigeria. The aim of survey was to determine the underlying lithology, determination of area of corrosive groundwater as well as computing the transmissivity of the aquifer in the area to determine the best location for sitting borehole of high quality in terms of high output. The results have shown that VES 7 has the lowest corrosive groundwater and highest aquifer transmissivity value of 357.0m²/day. With the computation of aquifer transmissivity value resulting from the values obtained it becomes possible to demarcate regions of high groundwater in the area.

Uttermost of Internet traffic is coordinated of applications where users are engrossed in procuring the data from server, which they access from the host .In other words, today’s Internet architecture is host-centric. This paper elaborates the need of data-centric architecture over host-centric architecture. But there are no possibilities to deploy pure data-centric architecture practically in one night. This is an incrementally deployable network architecture that successfully supports both services that is host-centric and data-centric network. And withal being data-centric and incrementally deployable, DCNA additionally fortifies mobility and multi-homing features effectively [12]. Keywords—Ad-hoc network, Particle swarm optimization, Dynamic route guidance, future proof, incrementally deployable.