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Crop-Benefit analysis was used to assess fresh fruit yield responses of two day-neutral okra varieties: NHAe 47-4 and LD 88-1-8 to nitrogen (N) fertilizer application in trials conducted over three years at Ado-Ekiti in the sub-humid agro-ecological zone of south-western Nigeria. Fruit yield increased with N application in all years and reflected in high returns at subsidized and unsubsidized fertilizer (urea) prices. Value-Cost ratio (VCR) was highest at 60 kg N.ha^-1 for the two varieties in 2007 and for NHAe 47-4 in 2008 but at 30 and 120 kg N.ha^-1 for LD 88-1-8 and NHAe 47-4, respectively in 2009. The current economic environment in 2010, characterized by higher producer prices due to nationwide inflationary pressure on food items and regime of high fertilizer prices from a deregulating market necessitated an assessment of the returns from the responses to application of subsidized and unsubsidized urea. Profitability of N application increased as VCR rose to 1.57 and 2.39 for NHAe 47-4 and LD 88-1-8 at 60 kg N.ha^-1. This 60 kg N.ha^-1 is the economic rate to recommend for fresh fruit production in sole okra.

Extensive cracking on the runway slabs at the Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) International Airport has taken place due to overloading of aircraft operations and poor sub grade stability. A visual crack survey was carried out. The survey detected cracks of width of less than 6.4 mm to more than 50 mm which were classified into four types according to their width of opening. Repair methodologies were developed for each category of crack. The repair works and the construction of the overlay were carried out at night as the runway has to be kept operational. The runway has been in service and no sign of distress has been observed since the completion of repair works and overlay construction in September 2010.

The purpose of research was to study the most important factors that are causing growth of industry and then suggest a plan of action that could be followed in response to the existing decline Of textile growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan textile industry contributes more than 60 percent (US $ 9.6 billion) to the country’s total exports. However, currently this industry is facing great decline in its growth rate. The major reasons for this decline can be the global recession, internal security concerns, the high cost of production due to increase in the energy costs etc. Depreciation of Pakistani rupee that significantly raised the cost of imported inputs, rise in inflation rate, and high cost of financing has also effected seriously the growth in the textile industry. As a result neither the buyers are able to visit frequently Pakistan nor are the exporters able to travel abroad for effectively marketing their products. With an in-depth investigation it was found that the Pakistan’s textile industry can once again be brought back on winning track if government takes serious actions in removing or normalizing the above mentioned hurdles. Additionally, the government should provide subsidy to the textile industry, minimize the internal dispute among the exporters, withdraw the withholding and sales taxes etc. Purchasing new machinery or enhancing the quality of the existing machinery and introducing new technology can also be very useful in increasing the research & development (R & D) related activities that in the modern era are very important for increasing the industrial growth of a country.

This paper mainly deals with the solution of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem which can be formulated as a Quadratic Programming (QP) model and then decomposed by Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) method.The objective of this model is to minimize the total cost of real power generation. Many researchers have discussed the solution for OPF by using different methodologies like Newton Raphson (NR) method, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Intelligence (AI) method, Interior Point (IP) method, Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. In this paper the proposed methodology is compared with the other methods like Particle Swarm Optimization method, Genetic Algorithm and Differential Evolution algorithm. These methods have been tested through the results of IEEE 30 bus system. The optimum generation cost is minimized for OPF using Lagrangian Relaxation method.

We are very happy to announce that from 7th July 2017, Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Architecture. Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal working as Associate Professor, Architecture Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202002 (INDIA). The appointment of Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 11th October 2016, Dr.D.Muruganandam has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Production Engineering. Dr.D.Muruganandam working as Professor in Production Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai. The appointment of Dr.D.Muruganandam as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Stock control is an important functional branch of any manufacturing/service organization. Stock control has been discussed using the dynamic programming model approach. The distribution of goods to warehouses is a multistage process which the dynamic programming is adapted to providing solution to and also guarantees optimal feasible solution. The stock in warehouses is used as a partition of the firms main store. An equation ensues from the stock record which is shown to be piecewise continuous. The Laplace transform is used to test the existence of the function. The step function that derives from the supply to the warehouses is transformed to a piecewise linear function which can be approximated as continuous function. The step function is then applied on the function to obtain the returns from the respective allocations if the function exists. The allocation with the highest return is the optimum. Some relevant theorem have been stated and proved and illustrative examples included.

Students were to research on a particular industry sector, study their governance and point out the good, bad and ugly practices of their governance. Here, in this report, I have selected Swissair airline sector for my study. Swissair, considering their dramatic fall (it used to be one of the best airlines and nation’s pride that apparently got market failure, gone under debt in 2002 and the government had to bail it out) was a very good choice for this report. The structure of this report is very simple since the scope was just to point out governance and ethics practices of this company. In my report, I have given a little background information about the company that is followed by the bad governance and ethics practices in Swissair. These bad points are followed by the ugly practices. Now when Swissair saw itself failing they started taking steps that included some governance and ethical changes as well. I have tried to include them in the good points. Overall, my report is a short paper describing governance in Swissair, where I have tried my best to include all major and critically important points.

This study was conducted to evaluation of wheat application on barley yield under drought condition at RCBD design with 3 replications. First factor included wheat (application of cytokenin and control) and second factor was drought stress (control, mild stress, sever stress). At the end of experiment some properties were studied such as height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000seed weight and yield. SAS statistical software was performed for analysis and by Duncan's multiple range test used at the level of 5% for mean comparisons. Totally, results showed that drought stress had significant effect on studied traits, so severe stress led to 31, 38, 34, 37 and 60% reduction of height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000seed weight and yield in compare to control, respectively. Also cytokenine led to 21, 20, 21, 22 and 40% increasing of height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000seed weight and yield in compare to control, respectively

Disbursement involves approval, allocation, release and transmission of funds or grants to projects for implementation. Funds are always disbursed according to funding and implementation schedules agreed upon by the parties and based on the submitted budget and work plan. The developed schedule with each grant recipient is necessary to ensure proper funding accounting, reporting and timely disbursement of funds during the implementation phase to the devolved units. Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or any design for doing something. The government of Kenya has made deliberate efforts to decentralize most of its development projects over the past few years, through the use of decentralized funds key among them are, Local Authority Transfer Fund (LATF), Constituency Bursary Fund (CBF), Women and Youth Enterprise Fund and Constituency Development Funds (CDF). This was made possible through Constituency Development Act of Kenya, (2003) which was enacted in order to re-distribute resources to every corner of the country so that poverty levels can be alleviated. Devolved funds have been taunted as the most effective way of fighting poverty on the strength of their ability to bring governance closer to the people thereby addressing their priorities. In a perfect world every project would be "on time and within budget." But reality tells a very different story. Even if the budget and schedules are met, one must ask if the project delivered the results and quality expected. True project success must be evaluated on all the three components otherwise a project could be considered a failure. Delays in disbursement of funds lead to delay in land acquisition among other factors which eventually has a serious impact on the overall performance in the implementation of the development project. The impact of delays in acquisition resulted into cost overruns due to price variations and time overruns and had an impact also on the successful completion of the development project.