Archives-June 2016

The present study intended to evaluate serum homocysteine and serum cobalamin in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Case control study. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Hospital, Karachi from January to August 2015. Subjects were divided into Group A Controls- normal subjects (n=50), Group B Cases – diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (n=50). 5 ml of venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes. The serum obtained was frozen at -20oC and used for estimation of thyroid hormone profile, serum cobalamin and serum homocysteine. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 22.0. Student’s t test and chi square test was used for continuous and categorical data respectively at 95% confidence interval (p ? 0.05). Mean ±SD age of controls and cases noted was 52.1 ± 5.6 and 51± 8.7 years respectively. Serum homocysteine in controls and cases was found as 6.89±3.75 and 15.9 ±12.3 µM/L respectively (p=0.0001). Serum cobalamin in controls and cases was noted as 298± 56.5 and 199.7±67.9 pg/dl respectively (p=0.0001). Serum homocysteine was raised with low serum cobalamin in subclinical hypothyroidism patients. The present study reports raised serum homocysteine and low serum cobalamin in Subclinical hypothyroid patients.

Ground nut seed beetle is a serious pest of ground nut in stored condition. Thirteen ground nut cultivars were selected to study their resistance and susceptibility to Caryedon serratus in the laboratory at 70% RH and 28 ? 1°C. The physical characters of ground nut pod like length and breadth of pod, pod colour, pod size, pod weight, pod texture, shell thickness were directly influencing intensity of the attack of ground nut beetle. Pod circumference of g.nut were varied from 3.44 to 4.38 cm. Variety having thicker shell are resistant to the pest.

A multi-end reeling machine with re-reeling unit has been fabricated at BSRTI for production of raw silk with high quality and quantity. The experiment was done by thirty samples of green cocoons in four different seasons to determine the cocoon characteristics and reeling performances on multi-end reeling machine. Mean renditta, raw silk recovery %, reelability %, waste % were found 11.01, 69.80%, 63.24% and 24.26%. It was also found that mean tenacity and elongation percentage were 3.10 (g/d) and 18.70% in multi-end reeling machine, whereas it was 2.83 (g/d) and 18.61% in cottage basin respectively. BSRTI fabricated multi-end reeling machine was suggested as an improved reeling appliances commercially to get high quality raw silk production.

Present study was undertaken to find out the influence of different cultivation forms of mulberry variety BM-3 on leaf nutrition, yield and economic traits of silkworm. Leaf harvested from High Bush and Bush contains higher amount of Moisture 70.48%, 69.77% compare to Low-cut and Tree. Bush also contains high crude protein and minerals, 21.25 and 8.95 respectively compare to high bush, low-cut and tree. Nine yield contributing characters were evaluated and all shown significant difference among each other except 10 leaf weight per plant at p<0.05 with Duncan multiple range test. Shell ratio for low cut and tree was highly significant at p<0.01 similarly raw silk percentage was also found highest for tree (30.26) and second highest for low-cut (30.22). It can be suggested that Mulberry leaf from Bush and High Bush cultivation form is suitable for young age silkworm and leaves from Low-cut and Tree is suitable for late age silkworm.

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, infectious illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Humans are accidental hosts in this zoonotic disease1. Scrub typhus presents as fever with little to distinguish it clinically from co-endemic diseases like typhoid, leptospirosis, and dengue. The presence of an eschar supports the diagnosis but is variably present.2 Scrub typhus is prevalent in many parts of India but specific data are not available3. There have been outbreaks in areas located in the sub-Himalayan belt, from Jammu to Nagaland. There were reports of scrub typhus outbreaks in Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Darjeeling during 2003-2004 and 2007. Scrub typhus is a re-emerging infectious disease in India4.

In the present study, the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2,4-dimethoxybenzonitrile have been recorded in the region 4000–400 cm_1 and 3500–50 cm_1, respectively. The fundamental modes of vibrational frequencies of (24DMBN) are assigned. Theoretical information on the optimized geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared and Raman intensities were obtained by means of ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) gradient calculations with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using 6-311++G(d,p)) basis set. The vibrational frequencies which were determined experimentally from the spectral data are compared with those obtained theoretically from ab initio and DFT calculations. A close agreement was achieved between the observed and calculated frequencies by refinement of the scale factors. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Thermodynamic properties like entropy, heat capacity, zero point energy, have been calculated for the molecule. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap reveals that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignment of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED).

The vibrational spectroscopy of 2-Hydroxy-6-methyl-5-Nitropyridine (HMNP) by means of quantum chemical calculation has been studied. The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of HMNP have been recorded in the region 3500-50cm-1 and 4000-400cm-1 respectively. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands have been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with standard B3LYP/6-311+G (d,p) basis set combinations for optimized geometries. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies have been anlaysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The assignments of bands to various normal modes of molecule have also been carried out. The electric dipole moment (?) and the first hyper polarazibility (?) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT calculations. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur with in the molecule.

The role of reservoir in causing landslides and also in reactivating old landslides due to difference in hydraulic action has been very common around the world. The present study is an attempt to divide the area around tehri reservoir into various landslide susceptible zones. The result obtained after superimposing the active landslide and lanslideslide hazard zonation shows that there is strong correlation between these slides with high and very high landslides hazard zone area. On the whole it is clear that the density of landslides increases from very low to very high class. The quantative analysis of the data shows that more than 80% of the total landslide area existed in moderate and high hazard zone classified area. In spite of the scarcity of the data the hazard zonation assessment is helpful to mask out the area highly vulnerable to landslide which in turn is helpful for short-term and long-term plan before initiating any sort of development activities in the tehri rim area. Keywords: Landslide, Susceptible, vulnerable, Superimposing, Hazard Zonation.

Let G = (V,E) be any simple finite graph. A subset D of V (G) is said to be Split Majority Dominating set of G if and the induced subgraph is disconnected. A split majority dominating set D is said to be minimal if there exists a vertex v of V such that D-{v} is not a split majority dominating set of G. The Split Majority Domatic Number denoted by is the maximum number of disjoint minimal split majority dominating sets obtained for a graph G. In this article, we have initiated the study of this concept.

Year-long supplies of fresh food have been made possible by improvements in controlled storage conditions, shipping and importing. A fresh weekly food supply at the local supermarket has eliminated the need for the home preservation and food processing of earlier days. Today, we may choose to preserve and process food for reasons besides availability such as the price of food, quality and nutrition. For these reasons, gardeners who find themselves with a surplus of fresh produce at the end of the season may decide to store and preserve. When conditions are not suitable for storage or immediate marketing of fresh produce, many horticultural crops can be processed using simple technologies. There are some processing methods that can be used by small-scale handlers, including drying, fermenting, canning, freezing, preserving and juicing which are highlighted in this review. Fruits, vegetables and flowers can all be dried and stored for use or sale in the future.