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One of the most important purposes in reading English written texts is to understand writer's messages. However, it seems that the Iranian EFL learners have fundamental problems in understanding and interpreting English written texts. Making EFL/ESL students aware of efficient reading strategies that help in the reading of English texts has been the concern of educators and researchers, and necessarily reading instructors for years. Educators usually use different text structures such as; compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution and a collection of descriptions to convey the message to their readers. Studies have identified that learners performed differently after they have read different text structures. In this research I investigated 2 groups of Iranian students’ performance after reading two kinds of text structures which are compare/contrast and cause/effect. These groups of subjects were 10 intermediate and 10 advanced levels who participated in study. The results of the study through t-test analysis identified that both groups performed differently after reading the different text structures. Findings of this research could provide significant awareness for both teachers and students to recognize how different reading texts can be organized in terms of difficulty.

There are currently one billion overweight and obese people in the globe. The frequency of obesity has sharply increased worldwide. For the healthcare system, this results in extremely high expenses. Due to the poor compliance characteristic of adolescents, dietary restrictions and meticulous programmed to change their lifestyle are frequently ineffectual in managing the specific group of patients. In order to address obesity, a number of strategies, including medical treatments and surgical procedures, have been developed. Some people say they would like to lose weight surgically or are able to do so. Many people view bariatric surgery as risky and think that maintaining their current weight is safer than having the procedure. There are several novel laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures available to help with weight loss, with intragastrical balloons among the most recent developments. The weight loss achieved with the balloon is an opportunity to lower the surgical and anesthesiologic consequences resulting from bariatric surgery in super-obese individuals with various comorbidities. A novel swallow able intragastrical balloon has been tested for safety and efficacy in reducing excess weight. Utilizing intragastrical balloons, the review's major focus is on helping patients lose weight while improving their co-morbidities.

Reinvention of the mortgage market through the creation of a secondary market has been identified as one of the solution to the lack of funds that plague the Nigerian housing sector. There is however a set of institutional barriers that have created risk factors that are responsible for the high interest rates on mortgage loans in economy. This paper identifies some of these barriers as the requirement of Governor’s consent, revocation of right of occupancy, mortgage registration period and foreclosure period and the cost of foreclosure. It further reveals their nature in the present mortgage lending practice and makes recommendation to improve the practice in preparation for any secondary mortgage market operations.

Reliable NGOs are an extended arm to any Governments. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the quantum of foreign aid contributed to Indian development and the role played by International non-Governmental development aid agencies and Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral agencies in this area. The paper also explains the role played by Indian non-Governmental organizations in the poverty alleviation programmed among marginal sections of the Indian society. The paper then examines some of the drawbacks in their aid programmed with special reference to Dalit cause and makes some recommendations to address these drawbacks. However some of the conclusions we have drawn in the paper is based on interaction with many groups and years of experience. Therefore please treat this as a first attempt of a beginning of a wider debate in the months to come.

The level of pollution has increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle use, industrialisation and urbanisation which results in harmful effects on human being by directly affecting health of population exposed to it. IOT Based system for monitoring and controlling Air Pollution in which monitor the Air Quality at any Industry over a web server using sensors when the air quality goes down across a certain level, means when there are sufficient amount of harmful gases are present in the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will show the air quality in PPM on the display screen and as well as on website so that we can handle and monitor it easily. After gathered the information about air quality, this information is send to the Air Pollution Control Officer and the owner of Industry through mail and message in order to take strict action.

The main objective of this paper focused on field exploratory survey of e-waste generation in Bangalore city. Field data were collected through questionnaire-based survey followed up with interviews where the target respondent groups and e-waste categories were predetermined to determine the e-waste flow purchasing pattern, recycling and disposal practices, and to understand the existing measures for e-waste management in Bangalore. There are three main target respondents included in the survey. The three main categories are Households, Offices (business entities and institutions) and Recyclers (Including importers and exporters, manufacturers, collectors, second-hand shops, repair shops, dismantlers, and processors of recyclable materials from used WEEE). A total of eleven major area of Bangalore city were selected. The basis for the selection of the survey location is based on the population density and also the socioeconomic status of the areas. The average weight of EEE was taken as per E-Waste Volume I, Inventory Assessment Manual, UNEPBased on the survey, it was estimated that the total e-waste generation in bulk quantity from software industry of all scales is 250162.8 kg/annum. Total e-waste generation due to repairs of EEE is 32443 Kg per annum. Total e-waste generated from seven EEE items due to households is 12190.09 Kg per annum. Total e-waste generated due to consumers/users in bulk quantities in hotels and institutes is 9447.12 Kg per annum. Total e-waste generated is 121 Kg from users/ consumers of mobile phones in bulk quantity n organizations. Total e-waste generated from users/consumers in bulk quantity from manufacturing industry of all scales is 20420.7. 8 Kg/annum.

In this study, the producing of conical parts through backward extrusion has been numerically investigated. The finite element method has been used in order to extract the deformation behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy under this process for manufacturing of conical parts. The effect of friction on the process load has been investigated. The strain distribution has been studied and it was observed that in this process, the amount of plastic strain applied to the deforming part has reached above 2, which indicates that in this process, suitable mechanical properties can be expected from the manufactured part.

An earthquake measuring 7.6 Richter that rocked Kashmir (India) on October 8, 2005 struck without any warning, wreaking a trail of death and destruction. But the psychological after-effects among the survivors can last longer and are generally overlooked because the immediate focus is on the rescue-and-relief operations. Even as the disaster left people, already reeling under years of unremitting terrorist violence, shaken, it also underscored the lack of disaster management in seismically active, remote mountainous areas. The deaths led to the emotional and psychological trauma among those who survived the tragedy. While the physical and material relief poured in, the psychological help for the survivors struggling to come to terms with the trauma was, however, starkly missing.

An examination of the Development of Language Policy in Kenya demonstrates that Policies made about Language have to such extent been faced with bottlenecks. This is attributed to colonial language policies that have influenced policy decisions in the post colonial era. One watches with awe to note for example that forty years from independence Kenya is still grappling with attempts to institutionalize Kiswahili as National Language as demonstrated in the New Constitution which was promulgated as recent as 2010. This is in sharp contrast with the sister Country Tanzania which embraced the National Language concept much earlier. It is based on this understanding that this paper highlights the milestones of language policy in Kenya. The paper makes specific reference to Kiswahili, English, Mother tongues and foreign languages. The authors critically examine policies made concerning the usage of these Languages and seek to demonstrate that Language Policy in Kenya needs re-thinking.

From the moment governments began making money from levying duty on imported goods, a smuggling trade developed to avoid paying such taxes. To avert the adverse effects of contraband most countries of the world take preventive measures. This research gives an overview of the existing situation of contraband in our country, mainly on the Moyale-Addis Ababa Trade route, due to the poor trade licensing procedures. This research has explored the licensing procedures of traders on smuggled goods and the effectiveness of legal punishments and other techniques to prevent contraband in Moyale to Addis Ababa trade route. Based on relevant domestic regional and federal tax and trade laws of the country, the research tried to critically analyze the practical obstacle to prevent contraband and the rationale behind licensing the traders on smuggled goods from. In conducting the research, the researcher basically followed qualitative approach. In collecting data, the scholar employed the mixture of random and purposive/judgmental sampling technique so as to get the key informants of the study. The study revealed that contraband or illegal trade involving export and import of goods was very common through long borders of the Ethiopian Moyale- Addis Ababa Trade root/ region with neighboring country Kenya. The failure of trade licensing authority to control and supervise and take legal action is the very cause for the expansion of contraband trade.