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Environmentally sustainable (green) supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organizational philosophy to achieve corporate profit and market share objectives by reducing environmental risks and impacts while improving ecological efficiency of these organizations and their partners companies. The number of organizations contemplating the integration of environmental practices into their strategic plans and daily operations is continuously increasing day to day. Numerous initiatives have provided incentives for organizations to become more environmentally benign. Organizations view many of these environmental programs, which may include technological and organizational development projects, as possible alternatives for gaining or maintaining a competitive advantage. One environmental program area that continues to gain in importance is one that focuses on the external relationships among organizations. Environmentally conscious business practices have been receiving increasing importance from both researchers and practitioner’s point of view. Interdisciplinary research has integrated the efforts of management, engineering, physical and social sciences to investigate the issues relevant to this GSCM. Similarly, multifunctional groups within organizations and external stakeholders have a role in decisions related to organizations and the natural environment. Green supply chain decisions are one of the latest issues facing organizations with strong internal and external linkages.

This paper presents a study which examines the foundation of the present day scientometric as laid down by Derek de Solla Price in his award winning work: A general theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes, published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science. In the study, the importance of scientometric in research evaluation is identified, and a new concept of scientometrick is introduced. The error made and concealed in the trivial modification of the effect of contagion single-edged success introduced by Derek de Solla Price is exhumed with elucidatory discussion. The features of the Price’s model do not seem to correlate well when compared with the real time situations in academic publishing process. Except that Derek de Solla Price stated so, it is doubtful that the Price’s model is relevant and useful in real time bibliometric and academic publishing processes.

This study examined the impact of fish farming on household food security and livelihoods for fish farming and non fish farming households in Siaya County. Currently fish farming remains under developed in Western Kenya where pond productivity is low and not rising, despite the effort of several players. Further, capture fish in Lake Victoria and rivers has subsequently declined. These scenarios called for the need to examine the production systems and their current performances. The objective of the study was to determine the socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers and their fish farming practices. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select fish farming and non fish farming households. Key informants were selected through purposive sampling method. Data gathering was through multiple methods; where primary and secondary data were collected. Data analysis made use of descriptive statistics, where numerical and non-numerical summary of data were used. Chi-Square was used to test the independence between variables. Findings were; fish farming in the study area is economically rewarding and profitable. It is capable of creating employment, increasing income and improving the livelihoods of the people. Fish farming in the area is male dominated, however, women are used to manage the ponds and there is less participation of youth in fish farming. Females and youths need to be encouraged to participate in fish farming in the area as a means of increasing their income and improve their standard of living. The main production level is semi-intensive where mixed sexed tilapia production system provides seed for subsequent restocking. Most of the fish farms are privately owned by individuals who have little access to finance. Therefore, government participation in fish farming should be encouraged to boost the quantity of fish available for consumption. Fish farmers should be organized into formidable groups such as self help and cooperative to realize economies of scale in the purchase of inputs and sale of their fish.

The voltammetry methods have revealed in the water of the Cotonou channel, the presence of organic and inorganic complexes of metals, such as: Zn-Carbonate, Zn2+, ZnSO4, Zn-OM, Cu-Carbonate, Cu2+, Cu(OH)2, Cu-OM, Pb-Carbonate, Pb2 +, Pb-OM, Cd-Carbonate, Cd2+, and Cd-OM. Their concentrations were variable with the water pH and depended on the season. At pH values ranging 6.5 - 7.2, metals were complexed by carbonate ions present in the water. Zinc is predominantly present as Zn2+ in the rainy season and Cu2+ levels were decreasing when pH was increasing. 80% of the total lead appeared to be complexed as Organic matter complex lead (Pb-OM), and cadmium (Cd-OM) which, unlike other metals, was mainly present in free Cd2+ form.

The use of various fixed beds having higher surface area is effective in removing organic matters and nutrients from municipal wastewater. Due to the higher specific surface area, fibrous materials are often considered a better choice for increased microbial support and treatment efficiency. In the present study two naturally available fibrous materials such as sisal and Oil palm Empty fruit Bunch (OPEFB) fibers having higher specific surface area were used as packing media in two different bio-reactors for sewage treatment, under batch mode and similar experimental conditions. Experimental results obtained were satisfactory at a packing density of 50 kg/m3. The reactors were continuously aerated for different contact times. At a contact time of 72 hours and Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids(MLSS) concentration ranging from 1500-2000 mg/L, the reactors filled with Sisal and OPEFB fibers shows satisfactory COD removal of 69.5% and 73%, BOD5 of 74% and 79.7%, NH3-N of 69% and 72.7%, and Ortho-phosphate of 81% and 82.3% respectively. The study reveals that these fibrous medias could be acceptable for efficient removal of organics and nutrients present in the sewage.

This present work aims to investigate dyeing performance of some new azo disperse dyes belonging to diazotization of 1, 4-bis (2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) benzene and coupling with different amines as to comparing and contrasting depth obtained of shade and levelness. Some new dyes, such, has been examined, and assessed. The study was concerned mainly with dye uptake, behavior and efficiency. Color measurements, kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were involved. Conventional dyeing, was considered as control for obtained results.

4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (I) on reaction with 2-bromo-1-arylethanone(IIa-f)yields6-Aryl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (III a-f). The structures of all the compounds series (IIIa-f) were characterized analytically. The compounds were also monitored for anti microbial activity

The aim of this study was to examine factor structure and explore the psychometric properties for Urdu version of Test Anxiety Inventory. 2,145 secondary and higher secondary science students were selected as sample from the Punjab province in Pakistan appearing in 10th grade Board examinations. The value of alpha reliability for TAI was .893 in the pilot study. But in the final study, alpha reliability values for different scales of TAI (TAI-Total, TAI-Worry, and TAI-Emotionality) ranged from 0.66 to 0.81 with the individual student as the unit of analysis and from 0.71 to 0.88 with the class as the unit of analysis. Similarly, The discriminant validity of an individual student as unit of analysis ranged from 0.19 to 0.32 for three scales of TAI, while the discriminant validity for class as unit of analysis ranged from 0.27 to 0.40 for these scales of TAI. A three-factor structure consisting of TAI-Total, TAI-worry and TAI-Emotionality components showed acceptable discriminant validity and internal reliability.

The present research conducted to investigate the effect of pictorial context on reading comprehension of EFL readers . To carry out the research 30 students were selected . They were studying at Oxford Representative language center in Iran. And they were assigned to two equal groups : a) the experimental group , and b) the control group . The two groups were assumed to be homogeneous. The experimental group received pictures immediately before they read the passages while the control group did not receive any pictures before reading the texts . Four English passages followed by five multiple-choice questions were administrated to the subjects. A T-test was then used to compare the mean scores of the two groups. Then the result of the T-test indicated that the subjects in the experimental group who had received pictures before reading the passages , scored significantly higher than the subjects in the other group . Therefore , the hypothesis of this study was supported and it was concluded that pictorial context can be a beneficial device to improve reading comprehension of EFL readers . Finally , from the pedagogical point of view , the findings of this study have paved the way for material developers and EFL teachers to improve the reading comprehension of EFL readers.

In the present article, which aims at the examination of the effects of Islamic thought on the management and organization styles in Iran, Islam and Islamic thought have been explained at first. Then, with regard to the necessity to examine the Islamic management, the management and organization dimensions (creation of Islamic culture, the manner of the social Islamic structure establishment, the manner of the physical designation of the organization in the light of the Islamic style, etc) have been defined. The end goal of this article is to examine the effects of Islamic thought on the management mechanisms within the Islamic countries (the Islamic Republic of Iran as the case study). So, at the end of the present article, this effect will be investigated. The findings of 30 structured interviews show that the effect of Islamic thought on the manner of management in the organizations of an Islamic country is not so deep, and it is necessary to review the management knowledge in relation to the Islamic ideas and beliefs. In this regard, some suggestions are presented at the end of the article.