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Aeromonas species are ubiquitous bacteria in terrestrial and aquatic milieus. They are becoming renowned as enteric pathogens of serious public health concern as they acquire a number of virulence determinants that are linked with human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, septicaemia, and skin diseases. Identification of Aeromonads to the species level is problematic and complex due to their phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. With the aim of clarifying taxonomic relationships among the strains, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic sequence (REP) was used as molecular marker for biotyping Aeromonas strains isolated from surface and sub- surface soil sediments from Forest ecosystem. Out of a collection of 120 strains isolated from surface and sub-surface soil sediments, 15 strains were confirmed as Aeromonas based on phenotypic fingerprinting obtained from 69 biochemical tests. Genetic diversity among Aeromonas sp. was determined by analysing their REP fingerprint patterns using NTSYS pc software package and UPGMA cluster method. Considerable amount of genetic diversity was observed among the isolated strains. Furthermore, dendrogram demonstrated the existence of distinctive clusters at various similarity levels. These fingerprinting techniques can therefore be used to recognize the relatedness of strains derived from clinical and environmental isolates, which helps in further characterization of factors/genes responsible for the disease.

Cloud delivers computing resources as a service. Finest usage of cloud services is used to store information in the cloud servers. Pool of virtual servers is configured to store the users’ data with low cost. Cloud offers more advantages to the cloud users. Apart from the advantages and benefits of cloud, it has more security issues and vulnerability on the data stored in the cloud. This paper proposes asecurity service named AROMONcrypt to address the security issues in cloud storage. This security service is used to secure the data in cloud storage. AROMONcrypt uses two types of techniques to ensure the confidentiality of data namely encryption and obfuscation. This paper also describes Security as a Service (SEaaS). SEaaS provides AROMONcrypt security service from the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). Simulation is conducted with AROcrypt and MONcrypt security services considering time and security level. AROMONcrypt provides optimum security, and MONcrypt has taken minimum time.

Partnerships have the potential to create significant benefits for all participants provided that there is a mutual understanding of and respect for the inputs required and the outputs sought from the arrangements by each party. The aim of this study was to explore the inputs required and the outputs achieved by partners as a function of the level of involvement required within the partnership arrangement. The study has investigated the extent to which the input criteria defined by the DTI and the output criteria defined by Kantar, within three health and safety initiatives involving home worker-employer, employee-employer, and contractor-employer partnerships varied, as a function of the level of partnership defined by Thompson and Sanders. The examination of the partnership arrangements within the three case studies demonstrated that the inputs were very similar whether the arrangements were classified as co-operation, collaboration or coalescence, although the extent of the output criteria was greatest in the case of the coalescence partnership. The results illustrated the level of inputs required within a range of partnership arrangements in the context of health and safety management and the range of outputs that might be anticipated.

In Nigeria, access to finance has been identified as a key element for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises to succeed in their drive to build productive capacity, compete, create jobs and contribute to poverty elimination in the country. Banks in Nigeria have been recapitalized and adopt necessary infrastructures (ICT) to enhance their performance and stimulate the real sector as catalysts of development. How effectively have they performed this function as a pivot around which economic development revolves? Without finance SMEs cannot acquire or absorb new technologies neither can they expand to compete in global market or even strike business linkages with larger firms. Despite this, SMEs have faced difficulties in obtaining formal credit or equity from the commercial banks. A regression of bank facilities to SMEs prior and after recapitalization with GDP showed a downward trend and eventual positive downward correlation movement in the main two variables. It was found that banks need to do more to assist the SMEs for effective performance than mere recapitalization.

The economic and social benefits derived by women who join credit unions was measured in terms of the state of their businesses, income levels, monthly savings and the financial contribution of beneficiaries towards dependants’ education. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 women who had obtained business loans from the Credit Union within the time period of June 2009 to July 2010 financial year. The study showed a significant influence of loans on the socioeconomic status of the women beneficiaries of loans.

The present study deals with the isolation of polyurethane (PU) degrading microorganisms from the soil, analysis of biodegradation and optimization of various factors (temperature, pH and by using different co-metabolites). Soil sample was collected from dumping area, Sector H/8, Islamabad, Pakistan and was used as a source for isolation of polyurethane degrading bacteria. Sterilized polyurethane films were buried in soil for three months. The PU pieces were taken from the soil, washed with sterilized distilled water and enriched in liquid MSM for a period of one month. Six different bacterial strains were isolated through enrichment technique, which were identified on the basis of standard morphological and biochemical tests. The study yields that the bacteria with the ability to degrade polyurethane were isolated from soil. It is therefore concluded that soil contains the potential candidates for bioremediation of plastic wastes.

This study empirically examines the commitment factors contributing to employee share in Higher Education Institutes of Khyber Pakhtonkhuwa (KPK) province of Pakistan. In total 200 questioners are distributed out of which 133 are returned in completed form with a percentage of 66.5%. A multiple regression analysis is performed; Employee Commitment is taken as the Dependent variable while Top Management Behavior, Compensation & Benefits, Career Development Opportunities and Working Conditions are the independent variables of this study. The results of this study confirm that employee’s commitment is significantly associated with their independent factors. The results of the study are valuable to both academics and policy makers.

Capacity enhancement has been defined in multiple ways; its ultimate purpose is to leave behind better skilled and oriented individuals, more responsive and effective institutions, and a better policy environment for pursuing development goals. Enhancing the capabilities of people in the organization is the most inevitable change expected in the era of globalization and liberalization. People capability enhancement induces better knowledge, skill and aptitude and it develop better business opportunities during global change. To accelerate with new technology, new manufacturing and development process, new ways of meeting the needs of customers, of course, are in need of better capacities and capabilities of people at work. This paper tries to focus on the person's capability assessment, enhancement and its return to better business opportunities and organizational development.

Quality assurance and relevance of ECD Programmes in many countries obligates the revision of the syllabuses, the establishment of an ongoing in-service programme for teachers, the construction and equipment of resource centers in ECD, provision of free textbooks and the establishment of benchmarks for the improvement of pupils’ mastery levels at the basic cycle. The purpose of this study was to identify Challenges Facing the Ministry of Education Officials In Carrying Out Supervision Of Early Childhood Curriculum In Schools. The study was guided by Allan Glathorm’s (1997) differential supervision model. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Stratified sampling technique was used to obtain public ECD centers and private ECDE centers, while simple random sampling was used to get 32 public ECD centers and 15 private ECD centers, from 155 centers in the District. All head teachers from selected ECD centers were involved in the study and one ECD teacher from each selected centre. Five field officers were selected for the study using purposive sampling. Data collection instruments involved the use of the following: questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis. Descriptive statistics (percentages and bar graphs) and inferential statistics (regression analysis) were used to analyze data. The findings of the study noted that supervision of the ECDE curriculum is affected by lack of funding, poor infrastructure, lack of support from the management, dispersion of the ECD centers, interference from local leaders and sponsors. Supervision propelled the teachers’ intellectual abilities, helped them to unearth the children’s potential, and led to positive appraisal of pupils. The study recommended the harmonization of ECDE curriculum, employment of ECDE teachers by the government and quality remuneration of those ECDE teachers.

Both Rhynocoris marginatus (F.) and Coranus spiniscutis are polyphagus predator of agriculture important insect pests, collected from Deoria agroecosystem and under light source, Gorakhpur respectively, during 2012-2013. To determine the olfactory preference of these polyphagus predators towards one prey over another, choice based experiments were conducted in the laboratory by using Y-shaped olfactometer. The distant ends of the first two tubes of the olfactometer was used for keeping two different prey types whereas the third tube end used for introducing the predator. R.marginatus was evaluated against the African cluster bug, Agonoscelis tuberula Stål, (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Hadda beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), whereas C. spiniscutis against Raphidopelpa foveicellis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Chryrocoris stolli (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae). R. marginatus was found to be more responsive to African cluster bug (60%) followed by Hadda beetle (50%) and Coranus spiniscutis strongly preferred Raphidopelpa foveicellis (91.67%) followed by Chryrocoris stolli (8.33%). In these observations, the preference of both preys during 24 hours by C. spiniscutis was converted into percentage value. R. marginatus showed higher rostral protruding activity with African cluster bug (8.29±0.159min) than that of Hadda beetle (1.65±0.049min). This may be due to the strength of the prey’s chemical cues of one prey over another elicited a quicker approaching. Prey consumption time of R.marginatus was significantly longer with regard to African cluster bug (60±2.44 min) as compared to Hadda beetle (37±2.50 min).The results clearly showed that the prey chemical cues determine the prey selection pattern of these predators. The outcome of this result will be helpful to consider these predatory bugs as biological control agents against preferred insect species.