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Temperature influences the life cycle of fruit plant in a variety of manners. Adverse effect of high temperature has been noted during both vegetative and reproductive growth stages in various fruit crops. The best responses for every plant either for vegetative growth or for its reproductive potentials are obtained in the cardinal temperature ranges, which includes minimum, maximum and optimum. The adverse effect of temperature on fruit plants occurs when crosses its limits. These effects are either due to direct injuries or due the reduced activity of enzymes and disturbed metabolic processes.

Previous perspectives have indicated that self disclosure is an indication of intimate relationships. The high incidence of broken homes, non working and unhealthy interpersonal relationships, and multiple partners menace among adolescents around the world, in the recent times require that concerted efforts be geared towards an understanding of the root causes of this problem. This is particularly so because children of such broken homes are often mal-adjusted and constitute problems to the society. This study therefore examined the effects of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria. A sample of 172 Nigeria undergraduate students randomly selected from among the undergraduate students of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; whose mean age is 28.2 was used. Four hypotheses were tested and it was found out that sexual self esteem is not a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = .311, P>.05 ]. It was also revealed that sexual self assertiveness is a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = 16.594, P<.05]. And it was found out that there is no significant interaction effect of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria [F(1) 164 =.456, P>.05]. No significant relationship was also found between sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness [r(168) =.060, P>.01]. The findings were discussed in light of available literature and it was recommended that sexuality education should be included in schools curricular to enhance the acquisition of sexual life skills for the communication of sex related issues and boost a healthy sexual and interpersonal relationships.

This study analyse efficiency and productivity changes in ECOWAS agriculture using the Hicks-Moorsteen TFP index developed by O’Donnell (2008, 2009, 2010c). This approach has an advantage over the popular Malmquist productivity index in that it is free from any assumptions associated with firm optimising behaviour, the structure of markets, or return to scale. ECOWAS agriculture is inefficient over the entire period as the most of the measures of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency over the entire period considered (1961-2009) have their efficiency estimates that were less than unity. The inefficiency of the measures of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency over the entire period (1961 - 2009) may be due to weak human assets, a high degree of economic vulnerability, increasing trend towards urbanization, limitation of exports to few commodities, low export earnings, low capital formation, food insecurity and poor rural development as well as ineffective implementation of both regional and national policies due to poor knowledge of the determinants of agricultural productivity and their degrees. The declining behaviour of technical changes (?Tech) over the entire period (1961-2009) reveals that agriculture sector in all ECOWAS member states are not operating on the same point on the production possibilities set as well as changes in the economic, political and social environment of ECOWAS member states as it tends to capture the effects of technological change and the long term effects of inefficiency of both regional and national policies (with the inclusion of agricultural policies over the entire years) among the ECOWAS member states.

In WSN, there are so many sensors, just sends the data to the base station. Base station is the controller of whole WSN. Here this paper shows how BS can communicate to direct closest node as CH and further node can also elected as S-CH. Here CBR protocol used to work on energy consumption based on the format of tree for collecting the data. Represent the chart & C – language implementation of node wise energy consumption both sending as well as receiving. Also node A can communicate to BS direct with distance measurement.

The energy-agriculture relationship is becoming very important in view of an increasing demand for food production to meet the pressure from an ever-increasing population. For these reasons, energy use pattern, energy efficiency, and energy inputs-output relationship were determined for Sesame in north central Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 farmers by using face to-face questionnaire method. The results indicated that total input energy use in sesame production was 2632.4 MJ, which was dominated by human labour energy (24.2%) and organic manure energy (21.1%). The output energy for sesame production was 13750.0MJ and the energy use efficiency ratio was 5.2. The proportion of renewable energy used (56.2%) in the surveyed Sesame farms was slightly higher than the non-renewable energy forms (44.8%), and sesame production in the study area is mainly depended on indirect energy forms. Organic manure was observed to be the most important energy input that influences the yield of Sesame in the study area.

Language development in second language learner using metacognitive strategies is the primary focus of the paper. In this study we explored how the suggested activity affected students’ conceptual knowledge of the domain and improved strategical implications in second language and developed the problem solving ability. The qualitative and quantitative findings proved positive effects of the experiments in facilitating cognitive and metacognitive strategies.

Heavy metal accumulation in waste water could affect aquatic life, human health and overall ecosystem adversely. Therefore, in recent years much emphasis has been given for the use of industrial waste water as low cost adsorbents for the removal of metallic contaminants from waste water. In this paper, the studies on removal of Cu (II) by adsorption on Limonia Acidissima hull powder as adsorbent have been investigated in a batch type experiments. The agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial copper concentration, and the effect of solution pH are studied. Adsorption mechanism is found to follow Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption behavior is described by second order kinetics. The maximum percentage removal of copper is found to be 72.76 % for 100 ppm at pH=9 and 30⁰ C.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory immunologic-based disease involving skin and mucosa. Many etiologic factors are deliberated regarding the disease; however, the disorders of immune system and the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and monocytes are more highlighted. Zinc is an imperative element for the growth of epithelium and its deficiency induces the cytotoxic activity of T-helper2 cells which seems to be associated with lichen planus. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum zinc in oral lichen planus (OLP) and compares it with the healthy control group to find out any feasible inference. A total of 20 patients with oral lichen planus and 20 healthy individuals as the control group were recruited in this descriptive-comparative study. All the participants were selected from the referees to the department of oral medicine, school of dentistry, Shiraz University of medical sciences. Serum zinc level was examined for all the individuals with biochemistry method with LTA kit [LTA. S.r.L-S.U-Via Milallo, 15/f-20060 Bassero (Milano) Italia]. Data were analyzed by adopting the t test and chi square tests through SPSS 17 statistical software. The mean age of patients with OLP and the healthy control group was 45.4 and 30.9 years respectively. The mean serum zinc levels in the oral lichen planus groups and control groups were 92.49 , 84.94 ?g/dl respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Based on our results, it does not seem the serum zinc level relate to oral lichen planus.

This paper gives a brief overview of evolution of speech recognition starting from 1779 till date. It also discuss about the past, present and future of speech recognition.

For some specific applications quality of the hole is much of the need and it is defined by its dimensional accuracy at entrance and exit of hole. Laser drilling is an advanced technology in drilling process, known for its accuracy, fastness and cleanliness in material removal to get the accurate hole diameters to the range of 5 microns. It gives the feasibility to drill the holes of very small aspect ratio. Nd: YAG Laser drilling process is an economical and easily regulated conventional drilling process compared to that of WEDM, punching, broaching and other prevalent destructive processes. This laser drilling technology is equipped with advanced features, provides ease of regulating the different input parameters. Some of the many input parameters that are involved in this operation are power, lamp current, pulse width, wavelength, pulse frequency etc., every input parameter has got its influence on output responses. With this consideration, experimentation is carried out selecting austenitic stainless steel known for its wide applications based on central composite design to examine the effect of laser input parameters particularly lamp current, pulse frequency, gas pressure and pulse width, on the quality of drilled holes. In total 31 experimental trials were conducted to get output responses. With response surface methodology (RSM) technique models were simulated for output responses and then compared with adequacy test. It is found that the response surface methodology predicted models are in close agreement with that of experimental values, further using evolutionary algorithms these models can be used for optimization of process parameters. Results are also useful to automate the laser drilling process.