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Knowledge inspires human behaviours and actions and also influences the nature and directions of development. The study of knowledge [sources and contents] technically known as epistemology is traditionally rooted in philosophy. However, this branch of philosophy being bedeviled with much controversy has shredded scholars into various groups and created relationship impasse between them. Consequently, modern direction of development became adversely affected with its emphasis on the material aspect of mankind and nature. This method reduces the spiritual/ metaphysical aspect of mankind and nature to state of triviality in modern development. Thus we suffer personality crisis as we live without knowledge of ourselves and our world. Therefore, this paper betook itself to explore a complementary epistemology based on the spiritual aspect of human nature. This model is couched in Carl Jung’s Psycho-Religious ideality. The paper discovers through Histo-religious and philosophical investigations that the centerpiece of Jung’s epistemology/metaphysics hinges on ‘Collective unconscious. Jung’s epistemology oscillates between psychology, sciences, philosophy, various religious traditions and mythology and he uses the composite knowledge of these disciplines to guide humanity in her desire for holistic knowledge. Against this backdrop, this paper concludes that if Jung’s Psycho-Religious epistemology is explored as a complementary epistemic system for the 21st Century, then humanity would have attained a holistic knowledge of herself and nature and this will reduce the violation of all lives and in consequence facilitates a balanced development.

This paper presents the theoretical framework underlying the analysis of EFL reading instructional methods in relation to preparation for content area reading in English within the EFL context. The framework used in this paper is based on Richards and Rodgers’s (2001) model of method of analysis of language teaching which was adapted to suit the analysis of the method of EFL reading instruction reflected in EFL curriculum documents. At the level of Approach, the analysis of method of EFL reading instruction was described in terms of theories of SLA and L2 reading theories. At the level of Design, the analysis of method of EFL reading instruction was described in terms of types of reading tasks, the level of cognitive demand of reading tasks, and types and length of reading passages.

Field Studies were conducted in order to determine the component of yield and response of soybean to soil applied Zinc and phosphorus in the Charnockitic soil of Ekiti State Nigeria. Three ZnSO₄ treatments 0,2 and 4kg/ha were applied to soybean in2006-2007 and grain yield was consistently and significantly increased by the 2kg/ha ZnSO₄ treatment. Three phosphorus treatments 0, 30 and 60kg/ha were applied to soybean in 2006-2007, but only 30kg/ha P treatment increased grain yield significantly in 2006-2007. 30kg P/ha applied increased leaf P in the charnockitic soil.

In India, Various fund houses (58 AMCs) are offering mutual fund services. All these fund houses have several mutual fund schemes in each segment like equity, debt, gilt and liquid funds. Out of which equity segment has got several schemes and most of the investors are attracted towards equity mutual fund schemes. Because of availability of wide range of equity MF schemes in each AMC, it is important to identify outperforming funds available in the market. For that, it is appropriate to consider risk and return of each fund to yield better returns before taking investment decision. Hence Present study is an attempt of identifying risk and returns of equity funds and comparing the same with benchmark returns and peers to help mutual fund investors in choosing better funds as investment avenues.

The paper investigates the interaction among foreign remittance, banking sector development and GDP in four South Asian nations that export huge pools of labour abroad. Multivariate Granger causality tests, based on error correction models, are employed with data spanning from 1990 to 2010. A key finding of the paper is that remittances and banking sector development influence per capita income in all four South Asian nations. In addition, interactions among the variables are also examined in a panel setting. As in individual country analyses, both remittance and banking sector development have positive and significant influences on the national income of Nepal. On the other hand, neither domestic products nor advancement in banking sector have significant impact on the remittance flows. This is new findings of the linkage between remittances and economic development, which may also be evident for countries exporting labour pools. Remittance as a major source of foreign currency to the developing nation has become a substantial component of making current account surplus in the balance of payments. It is argued that many workers from Nepal going abroad for employment are no doubt young, energetic, laborious and enthusiastic. They do hard work for earning large remittance income to support their families. However, the downside of remittances reflects the view that remaining young generation for long time outside without family may increase their vulnerability and ultimately it will have a tendency to leave their homeland. Thus, in order to recover the loss of economically active labor force to the domestic economy, they should be encouraged to come back again with skilled knowledge for utilizing their savings and working experience for development to the productive areas in accordance with the priority of the national development plans.

Over the recent years, lives and property worth millions of shillings have been destroyed in fire disasters. This study assessed the role of administrators and other stakeholders in fire disaster preparedness in secondary schools in Vihiga County, Kenya. The study assessed the role of administrators and other stakeholders in fire disaster preparedness in secondary schools in the study area. An evaluation research design was used. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select the schools and respondents. Study population was composed of secondary school principals, teachers, laboratory technicians, students and the District Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (DQASOs). Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and an observation checklist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17 was used in the analysis of data with Chi-square being used to test independence and variation of responses. A Spearman’s rank order correlation was run to determine the relationship between teachers’ and students’ responses. The study established that most of the general requirements for fire disaster preparedness were not in place; most of the schools did not have trained personnel in handling fire disasters and limited funds was a strong barrier to fire disaster preparedness in secondary schools. It was concluded that: most of the administrators and even teachers were not trained in fire fighting skills; stakeholders had a role to play in fire disasters preparedness in secondary schools. The findings of the study are to empower schools to reduce their vulnerability to fire disasters.

The study explored and analyzed the responsibilities and functions of Executive District Education Officers (EDEOs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Data were collected from six (06) Districts Education Officers in 06 different districts trough structured interviews. An eight- item open ended interview checklist used in the study. The review of relevant literature both in global and local perspectives provided an insight to the researcher for understanding what other researchers did in such situations. The analysis of data was given both qualitative and quantitative treatment. The study found that D.E.Os did not make proper visits to schools and educational institutions. Lack of educational funds and other resource were the main weaknesses of educational administration in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study explored that there was no institutionalized or mandatory training for the EDEOs to build their administrative and managerial skills. The study pinpointed weaknesses and lope holes in the administrative structure and powers of educational administrators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Signal timing is the technique which traffic engineers use to determine who has the right-of-way at an intersection. Signal timing involves deciding how much green time the traffic lights shall provide at an intersection approach, how long the pedestrian walk signal should be, and many numerous other factors. Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements, and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location. The collected data is converted into PCU units. These data can help identify critical flow time periods, determine the influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, or document traffic volume trends. The length of the sampling period depends on the type of count being taken and the intended use of the data recorded. For example, an intersection count may be conducted during the peak flow period. If so, manual count with 15-minute intervals could be used to obtain the traffic volume data. Webster’s method is a rational approach for signal design. The design is simple and is totally based on formulae’s laid down by Webster. In this method, the total cycle of the signal is determined which forms a total least delay occurring at signal.

The angular spectrum approach (ASA) is applied for the simulation of focused ultrasound produced by NXN rectangular transducer phased arrays by inserting through human mouth towards lung surface. The ASA rapidly computes the output pressure in a certain volume. The pressure deposition due to the array used is converted to therapeutic temperature for tumor treatment. Simulation and results show that the NXN rectangular phased array producing pressure determined by ASA can be applied successfully for lung tumor treatments.

We investigate the simultaneous effects of soret and ohmic heating on MHD free convective heat and mass transfer flow for a micro polar fluid bounded by a vertical infinite surface. Approximate solutions have been derived for the velocity, angular velocity, temperature field, concentration profiles, skin friction and rate of heat transfer using multi-parameter perturbation method. The effects of various pertinent parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer properties are discussed numerically and explained graphically. Also the velocity profiles of micropolar fluid is compared with the corresponding flow problem for a Newtonian fluid and found that the polar fluid velocity is decreasing