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Mulberry, Morus Alba, (L.)Leaves are the predominant food source for silkworm, Bombyx mori rearing. Pink mealy bug infests the mulberry plants and cause Tukra diseases that leads to qualitative loss of mulberry plantation. Hence a preliminary study on protein profiles by SDS-PAGE was carried out using plant extracts as natural botanicals origin by spraying tukra infested mulberry leaves. The botanical extract sprayed to tukra infested mulberry leaves at earlier infection fed to the silkworms and its impact on protein profiles were assayed in tissues like silkgland, and haemolymph was studied. For the study, good healthy leaves(Control)and plant extracts viz., Azadirachta indica,Ocimum Sanctum,&parthenium hysterophorus were sprayed to tukra infested V1 mulberry variety and fed to Silkworm (CSR2 Bivoltine hybrid). The protein a profile has been characterized by the presence of bands when increased in all the tissues when fed with sprayed batch. There was no presence of some bands when fed with tukra fed batch. Foliar sprays of the extracts hold greater promise for control of tukra infested mulberry leaves and did not affect protein content in silkworms. This can sturdily suggest that the natural plant extract sprayed with infested mulberry leaves can be effectively utilized for the silkworm rearing instead of pesticides, insecticides for mulberry sericulturistes.

The study identifies the impact of inflation and foreign exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Inflation and exchange rates are used as independent variables and foreign direct investment is taken as dependent variable. Discreet time series data has been used from the period of 1999 to 2009. The results of regression analysis reveal that high inflation has negative impact on foreign direct investment and higher exchange rates has positive impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. The inflation and foreign exchange rates both are insignificant in the analysis.

Social network based-recommendation has some benefits that it approach used for improve of recommendation systems. Recommendation systems are appropriate tools for provide useful and suitable recommendations in social networks. However, in recent years researches has been done on recommender systems on social network, but there is the lack of a comprehensive study on the literature review and classification of these models. We reviewed the related articles and then classified those by the year of publication and their main techniques. The articles are categorized into four techniques, includes tag-based, context-based, social influence-based and trust-based recommendation system on social network. Our research provides information about trends in recommender systems on social network research by examining the publication years of the articles and used techniques, and show future direction on recommender systems on social network.

Mandatory rules denote those rules of law that parties cannot derogate from. These are rules which in appropriate cases supersede the proper law with the result that their provisions, override the will of the parties. It does not matter whether the applicable law is ascertained by reference to an express stipulation or by reference to the forum with the closest connection. It typically regulate matters in which the “interest of the state is too important for them to be in competition with foreign laws” or the will of the parties and it includes those aspects of public policy, which because they reflect the basic social and economic philosophy of a state, are framed in an imperative manner. These include currency and exchange regulations, boycotts and blockades, competition, and environmental protection laws. One of the limitations on party autonomy within a national legal system is that overriding laws of the forum may override the law chosen by the parties. Freedom of choice (autonomy of will) is a general principle of private international law and is to be respected in principle, it should operate within the limits imposed by such other equally important general principles of law or subject to any restraints of public policy. The theory of delocalization is a mode of detaching international commercial arbitration from legal system of the forum. One main purpose of delocalization is to eliminate the unintended effects of certain arbitration tribunal conducting arbitration seized with hostile features of the law of the place where the arbitration is held. Therefore armed with an arbitral power to make interim award basically for protection and preservation of the res, pending the final award. In Nigeria delocalized arbitral award can be refused on the grounds of non-compliance with the mandatory rules and public policy by the arbitral tribunal. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act

This paper reveals the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the dissimilar joints of AA2024 aluminium alloy and commercial grade copper alloy fabricated by diffusion bonding process. Three diffusion bonds with varying diffusion layer thickness were fabricated and study the effect of diffusion layer thickness on mechanical and metallurgical properties. Mechanical properties such as lap shear strength, bonding strength and hardness are evaluated, Metallurgical characteristics such as diffusion layers thickness, phases in diffusion layer, elemental composition of diffusion layers were analysed. From this investigation, it is found that the diffusion bond with a medium diffusion layer thickness (in between very minimum to very maximum) exhibits superior mechanical properties.

The Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB) is making a frantic effort in stamping out widespread examination malpractices, which has threatened its credibility for many years. To this the board is considering introducing e-exams for the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) in Nigeria amidst a low level of computer literacy, Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and epileptic power supply in Nigeria. This research sets out to examine the modalities and viability of this venture, thereby suggesting a workable platform; a means of achieving this implementation.

In this article, the authors propose that relationship quality model for retail banking should consist of antecedents and consequences. The antecedents proposed are relational selling behavior and positive emotional display, while the consequences are future interaction and positive word of mouth. The authors will argue that the inclusion of both antecedents and consequences will help retail banks to refine their relationship quality model.

Language is of paramount importance and a useful tool in the development of any nation. It is that variable in the development process that coordinates all other elements of development towards the growth of the human society. However, no society as it were, can claim to be totally monolingual due to the ease of mobility of peoples across the globe. Thus languages, which are means of cultural identity of peoples, have to coexist in a particular geopolitical entity. Rather than the multilinguistic nature and its attendant multiculturalism of nations serving as impediment to the development of nations it should be considered as part of the nations’ natural resource for growth and development. The diverse languages in countries should be made to serve as a means of integration and source of strength. People must wake up to the reality of their multilingual identity by ensuring that languages co-exist to bring about the needed popular participation in national development. Multilingualism is therefore, a veritable tool in the development process of nations.

Water is one of the important natural resource available to mankind. Proper utilization of this resource requires assessment and management of the quantity and quality both spatially and temporally. A mathematical model provides quantitative mathematical description of the processes which includes a collection of mathematical equations expressing relationships between input and output variables through establishing and estimating the relevant parameters. The ANN models have been used successfully to model the complex non-linear input-output relationship. An ANN can be defined as data processing system consisting of a large number of samples. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have found increasing applications in various aspects of hydrology. The study revealed that a feed-forward artificial neural network with back propagation algorithm having a single hidden layer with two neurons in the hidden layer was able to model the rainfall-runoff transformation quite accurately. The correlation coefficient during the training varies between 0.88 and 0.93 and during testing varies between 0.78 and 0.95 respectively whereas the model efficiency varies between 73.70% and 85.77% with an overall efficiency of 81.18% during training and between 52.62 % and 90.01 % with an overall efficiency of 66.71% during testing.

The aim of this paper is to prove that the infinite family of pure octic field L = Q( ?8 m) is non-monogenic if m ? 1 (mod 4), ultimately, to complete the classification of pure octic fields L = Q( ?8 m) with respect to monogenity. We prove our results by considering the relative norms of the partial differents ? ? ? ?j of an integer ? from the Galois closure L˜ of L to Dirichlet optimum subfields of L, ˜ where ? is the isomorphism which maps ?8 m to ?8 ?8 m of L with ?8 = e 2?i/8 , i = ? ?1 and j = 4, 2, 1