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Experiments were conducted to assess the relatedness of different subfamilies of Erebidae family using RAPD-PCR technique. The genomic DNA of thirteen different species of Erebidae moths belonging to different subfamilies of Erebinae, Calpinae and Hypocalinae were subjected to RAPD-PCR analysis. A total of 300 bands were scored with five RAPD primers, of which 291 were polymorphic bands while 9 were monomorphic bands; the percentage of polymorphism was 97%. Dendrogram revealed that the thirteen species were grouped into three major clusters and four subclusters.

NiO NPs and Barium doped NiO NPs calcined for different periods of time (3hr, 4hr) at 700?C were synthesized through co-precipitation method. XRD analysis confirmed that all the samples exhibit FCC cubic structure. The doping of barium and also increasing the calcinations time of Ba:NiO increases the crystallite size .Optical absorption spectra reveal that energy gap decreases from 3.75 eV to 3.35 eV due to the increase in crystallite size.PL spectral analysis shows that emission intensity decreases with decreasing grain size. . The morphology of the NiO NPs and Ba:NiO NPs has been analyzed by FESEM and SEM respectively The results of antimicrobial activity of NiO NPs and Ba:NiO (4 hrs) against E-Coli indicated that NiO NPs have excellent inhibitory activity.

Hippuric acid 1 cyclized by using cyanuric acid (TCT) as environmentally benign catalyst to 2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one 2 further treated with aromatic aldehyde-Friedel Craft reaction to benzoylaminoketones 3 and finally cyclized using the same reagent (TCT) gives good yields of substituted 2,5 diaryloxazoles 4a-h under the reflux condition.

The prolonged slump in crude oil prices and the exchange rate uncertainty can adversely impact global stock market. Malaysia also feel the pinch where in August 2015, its stock market index has plunged to its lowest level in more than three years since June 2012. Thus, this study is conducted to discover the relationship between crude oil prices and exchange rate to the Malaysia stock market index. Crude oil price, exchange rate and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) are chosen as independent variables while Malaysia stock market index as the dependent variable is proxy by FBMKLCI. This study used monthly time series data covering 74 observations from July 2009 to August 2015. Employing correlation matrix test, our result shows that all independent variables have significant relationship with FBMKLCI. On the other hand, regression analysis indicates that only exchange rate and DJIA is significant in determining the movement of FBMKLCI while crude oil price is not significant. The finding further indicates that changes in DJIA will positively affecting FBMKLCI while changes in exchange rate have negative influence on FBMKLCI.

In this paper, we propose a new optional randomized response model based on Gupta and Shabbir (2007) two-stage randomized response model which unbound the assumption that the mean of the scrambling variable S is ‘unity’ [i.e. ]. We derive the estimator of the sensitive variable, mean, and show that our method is more efficient than other randomized response models suggested by Eichhorn and Hayre (1983) and Gupta and shabbir (2007) estimators. A numerical illustration is given in support of the present study.

Bread is one of the major products of baked foods and is consumed worldwide. Autoclave of pumpkin seed help to increase the nutrient content of the bread. The objective of this study was to optimize the refined wheat flour, autoclave pumpkin seed powder and butter with respect to bread-making quality. The optimal Design was employed with the following variables of weight loss, porosity and specific volume of the bread. Models developed adequately described the relationships and were confirmed by validation studies. Refined wheat flour showed the greatest effect on models, which effect impaired porosity and specific volume of autoclave pumpkin seed bread. The optimum set of the independent variables was obtained graphically in order to obtain the desired levels of 100g for refined wheat flour, 10g for autoclave pumpkin seed and 6g for butter. Organoleptic evaluation of autoclave pumpkin seed bread shows that variation 4 with 100g refined wheat flour; 10g autoclave pumpkin seed and 6 g of butter had obtained high score for overall acceptability.

The field experiment was conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at the research farm of College of Agriculture, Lembucherra, Tripura to find out the potentiality of pigeonpea intercropping for mid hills of northeastern region. The treatment comprised 9 intercropping systems apart from sole of intercrops. Intercropping system of single row main crop (pigeonpea) with two rows for cowpea, blackgram, greengram and sesame, where 1:1 system have blackgram, greengram, sesame and groundnut at 30cm apart respectively. The investigational results exhibited that pigeonpea + black gram (1:1) intercropping performed better than other combinations followed by pigeonpea + green gram (1:1) with reference to PEY (pigeonpea equivalent yield) and net return. Growing of pigeonpea under intercropping system with blackgram found to be highly remunerative with proper utilization of land under rainfed mid hills of northeastern region.

Today, due to the effects of tourism activities in the economy of the tourist receptive areas on leaves, Great attention to this field of activity is focused. West of Islamabad city with great tourist potential and the potential remains for tourists unfamiliar, Therefore, tourist attractions in this city And planning with special geographical conditions appear to be necessary. For this purpose the paper uses a descriptive method and analytical and strategic models of SWOT, and field studies to determine the strengths, weaknesses, to provide a strategy to develop tourism opportunities and threats are discussed. After reviewing data collected barriers such as lack of facilities along with other attractions, Weak advertising, the neglect of infrastructure to attract tourists in this city and to provide guidelines for tourism development Use of modern methods of advertising west has been building facilities in the city of Islamabad. According to obtained results, strategies city near Islamabad, the West is aggressive strategies the authorities should try to take advantage of the strengths and opportunities and to take steps towards these strategies.

Microalgae are considered as raw materials for biodiesel production as a part-substitute for diesel. Eight microalgal strains such as, Tetraselmis sp., Dunaliella sp., Chlorella sp., Synechocystis sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Gloeocapsa sp., Synechococcus sp. and Oscillatoria sp. having lipid accumulation potential were used in the present study. Estimation of Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents in algal strains grown under red fluorescent light revealed that there was an increase in biomass and oil yield respectively. Dunaliella sp. and Tetraselmis sp. cultured in tubular photobioreactor showed a maximum biomass of 1.38 g/l and higher percentage (72.6 %) of lipid accumulation respectively. Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) analysis of algal biodiesel showed the presence of saturated fattyacids peaks. AO10D was found as best algal biodiesel blend among algal biodiesel blends tested for their fuel properties, performance in engine and emission characteristics.

The occurrence of drought leads to reduction in reservoir and tank levels and depletion of soil moisture and groundwater. There is a need to develop suitable criteria for planning supplemental irrigation to crops for increasing and stabilizing crop yields during non-drought conditions, and minimizing crop damages during drought. The present study is aimed to study metrological drought and agriculture aspects of drought in Mirzapur districts the recurrence of drought in these parts of the country in recent years have caused unprecedented economic losses and great suffering to the affected areas. The study is based on the analysis of rainfall and critical dry spell (CDS). In this study, crop water requirement and irrigation requirement for the crop during the drought situation is also analyzed and introducing the supplemental irrigation under drought condition. In Mirzapur district the deficiency of annual rainfall is observed up to 16%. In the district approximately one out of every four to five year is drought year. The year 2007 and 2009 was most severely affected as most of the area of the district was under drought and major area of the district is found as drought prone. In the district on an average three critical dry spells (CDS) have been observed during the monsoon season.