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Presently a stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Sitagliptin Phosphate monohydrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms . A 0.1 M KH2 PO4 solution was used as the buffer solution .Buffer and acetonitrile were mixed in the ratio 50:50 ,the resulting solution was sonicated to dissolve and degassed by vacuum filtration through 0.4 µ membrane filter and the resulting solution was used as mobile phase and diluent. Chromatograms were recorded using Inertsil ODS, C18 ,150 mm x 4.6 mm , 5 µ column at a temperature of 300 C with isocratic elusion .The detection wave length was 268 nm at a flow rate of 1.0 mL per minute .Each injection volume was 20 µL. The retention times for Sitagliptin Phosphate standard and sample were 3.613 and 3.618 min respectively. Linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range of 2.5 -15.0 µg /mL with a slope, intercept, Standard deviation and correlation coefficient of respectively 35792,10262,669649.4 and 0.999 respecively. The present method was validated as per ICH guidelines for Specificity, Linearity, Accuracy ,Precision, Ruggedness and found suitable for the determination of Sitagliptin Phosphate .The stability indicating studies under different stress conditions revealed that the drug was stable and the % of degradation of the drug was in the range 4.75 -11.57 % .The limit of detection was 61.74 µg-mL and limit of quantification was187.09 µg – mL . The present method was rapid and sensitive for the determination of Sitagliptin Phosphate monohydrate.

In general we can say that today the knowledge of citizens' rights in the areas of human and social relations are very important and in one way include a key factor for the continuation of collective life in the modern and risky world. In this regard students as one of the most influential elements in the process of development in any society are always noticeable.so, it seems, to investigate the awareness of citizenship among students is important and necessary, so that we can identify the strategies of promote understanding and strengthen the awareness of civil rights among them and eliminate its obstacles. According to this, this study investigates the relationship between awareness of civil rights with social behavior of students of Persian Gulf University. The research method of is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included all the students of Persian Gulf University of Bushehr to 5,000 students that according to Morgan table 357 students have been chosen for sample.Measuring tools, including questionnaires of civil rights and social behavior that the amount of the total scale Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the variables 82.0 citizenship and social behavior obtained87/0.Measuring instruments including civil rights and social behavior that the amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the total scale for the variables of citizenship rights obtained82/0 andsocialbehavior87/0. The results of research showed that there is a significant relationship between the awareness of civil citizenship and social behavior of Persian Gulf University .subsequent regression analysis showed that significant predictors of civic and social dimension to social behavior. The results of regression analysis showed that the civic and social dimension are significant predictors to social behavior.

Technical efficiency is a prerequisite for allocative or economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is achieved if the highest possible level of satisfaction is obtained from given resources. The level of technical efficiency of a particular firm is characterised by the relationship between observed production and some ideal or potential production. The moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) is known worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal benefits and industrial uses. Almost every part of the moringa plant has nutritional value. Specifically, the study estimated the profitability of moringa production in the study area, the productivity of the factors involved in moringa production as well as the technical efficiency (TE) of moringa production in the state. The area covered by this study is Isokan Local Government Area of Osun state from which six villages were randomly selected. The town and villages are Olugbin, Aiyepe, Faaru, Alapomu, Sunkade, Maun Kongo. The descriptive analysis and stochastic frontier analysis were used. Farmers can increase their efficiency level if they can source their inputs and information needed in farming directly from Osun State Agricultural Development project and if an entrepreneurial class of people are also well motivated and trained to employ an appropriate inputs use combination pattern in order to achieve the highest possible level of production from given resources which will lead to high level of efficiency.

The formal-logical analysis of the Boltzmann distribution on the basis of probability theory and Gibbs quantum canonical distribution is proposed. It is shown that the Boltzmann distribution function is neither a reliable result of probability theory nor a consequence of Gibbs quantum canonical distribution. Conclusion is that the Boltzmann distribution function has no statistical and physical meaning, and the concept “Boltzmann distribution” should be abolished.

The right to defend is one of the most sacred rights of human which guarantees rights and freedoms of individuals. In fact, recognition of the right to defend for society members against infringing their rights and freedoms is very necessary. Because the right to defend in its deep and expanded concept means "applying the reasoning ability and power of words by using legal instruments to eliminate attributed accusation in the presence of the judicial authorities". Maintaining social order and defending the society rights is limited and balanced with protecting the rights of the accused ,so the defense of the interests of society shouldn't be led to ignorance of the rights of the accused. When a person is charged with a crime, he is in danger of being deprived of freedom and he may sustain other prohibitions . Nowadays the defense rights of accused are one of the important principles of fair trial, as well as, in international and regional documents the rules and regulations of the country are considered and supported. This right has also been taken into consideration in Iranian laws and the charter of International Criminal Court . Therefore, this study includes studying the defense right of the accused in system of criminal justice in Iran and the International Criminal Court. In this study the needed data is collected by using documentary processes and scientific resources .The results of this study show that in criminal justice system and criminal courts in Iran, the cases of right to compensate the losses of illegal arrestment , right to enjoy adequate time and facilities to prepare the defense, right to be informed the charges, the right to have interpreter, the presumption of innocence, the right to defend personally or through an attorney, investigator 's avoidance of compulsory confessions have been considered.

The present study set out to explore the effect of an instructional strategies; i.e. explicit web based teaching on developing Iranian upper-intermediate level learners’ pragmatic knowledge of the speech act of thanking. To fulfill this objective, 60 freshmen undergraduate students of Tonekabon Islamic Azad university were selected based on an OPT test. Participants in the study were randomly divided into two groups of explicit and implicit instruction. A newly developed DCT was administered to test both groups' pragmatic knowledge of speech act of thanking. the reliability was obtained through the K-R21 reliability formula. Then the treatment started. The explicit group practice learning speech act of thanking through www.iles.umn.edu/introspeechacts website, and the implicit group start learning it through videos and other authentic materials. Another researcher made DCT was given to explore any probable improvements on their pragmatic knowledge. T- test was used to see whether there was a significant difference between two groups regarding these two strategies. The results proved superiority of the explicit web-based teaching over the implicit teaching .

Children today, build the nation's future generations. With proper training from childhood to sustainable development can be achieved. This article intends to look at the importance and necessity of this important review practices in order to achieve sustainable development goals, to have a future. The results are undeniable value and importance of education and the role of teachers and their characteristics are emphasized in this regard. Given that more than half of today's society we are children, Achieving sustainability in society and the environment without creating a spirit of responsible and protect these resources will not be possible. It is necessary program Planners and authorities to this problem is necessary because education is fundamental to sustainable development in today's world.

Governments all over the world rely on revenues majorly generated from variety of taxes in order to meet their numerous fiscal expenditures. The practice of tax evasion and tax avoidance has bedeviled the tax system of Pakistan since 1947. So this research is conducted in order to identify the nature, causes and magnitude of tax evasion and tax avoidance along with their social, economic and political impacts especially in context of economy of Pakistan. The integrated approach has been used in order to answer the objectives of this study. Study reveals that tax evasion and avoidance both leading to fiscal deficit and foreign debt in Pakistan; however, tax evasion is most important. The estimations of tax evasion and tax avoidance are not reliable on account of different assumptions and ambiguous methodologies. Our research deals only with the conditions prevailing in Pakistan so results cannot be generalized. Moreover, instead of using estimates of tax evasion or avoidance we have used indicators of tax evasion an avoidance to determine their magnitude.

Nigeria is a developing country which attained political independence from British colonial rule in 1960. It is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society where inter-personal and inter-group relationships are governed by a number of subjective socio-cultural variables: ethnicity, cultural differences, majority-minority dichotomy, religions, etc. The incursion of the military into governance and the impact of the anti-labour colonial and post-colonial policies on the whole society are some of the challenges faced by the labour movements in Nigeria. From the time that trade unions first emerged in Nigeria, they suffered crude treatment and abuse from the government. The abuses were particularly grave during several years of military rule. Although Nigeria has returned to democratic governance, the abridgment of trade union rights continues. This article argues that through such behavior, the government of Nigeria infringes upon workers' freedom of association under international law – which does not augur well for the nation's future as a liberal democracy. The basic challenges of the labour movements today in Nigeria border on but not limited to, lack of entrenched and institutionalized democratic structures, good governance, civil liberties, corruption and poor working conditions of workers. The paper attempts to see how an alliance or partnership between labour movements and the civil society organizations had affected social and political policies of government in the past, and the extent to which it can reshape the future of labour organizations, industrial relations and the structure of the Nigerian society. All these factors are examined against the backdrop of increasing globalization and more specifically the internationalization of the labour market and general economic production systems and ideology.

“Intertextuality” means “the relationship between texts with its previous or contemporary texts”. The theory was artily presented by “Julia Kristeva” in the early 60s of 20th century which is welcomed by many writers and poets. Poets of intifada are such poets who arise for this important thing with expressing the excellent human goals and to present the oppression of the Palestinian people.this new skill has been used in the peoms of Intifada variously. Fadva Touqan is one of the peots who used this skill in his poems .this article is going to study some samples of various types of intertexuality in Fadva Touqan’s peopms then to (explain) his poems and religious point of veiw through the intertexual function.