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As a cross-cultural study, the present study investigates politeness strategies that native English speakers and EFL learners employ for exchanging greetings in different situational contexts. Data includes responses elicited through an open-ended Dramatic Written Discourse Completion Task (DWDCT). In order to control the effect of students’ proficiency level, an advanced test of Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was administered to select among 73 senior students of English literature and translation at Isfahan University. Sixty female undergraduate EFL learners with an age range of 21-24 at Isfahan University in Iran and 60 native English learners with an age range of 23-37 studying Medical Laboratory Technology at Dalton State College in Dalton, Georgia, USA participated in the present study. The findings present that EFL learners are not linguistically competent in English greetings in different situations. It also suggests that EFL learners use inappropriate politeness expressions in their English responses, as they do not have the ability to express greetings according to the situational context and native culture. Therefore, it may be necessary to adopt systematic, appropriate and situationally contextualized greetings in the Target Language (TL) in second and foreign language teaching.

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of 2’, 4’-difluoro acetophenone (DFA) and 4’-chloro acetophenone (CA). The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-31G** method and basis set combinations. The vibrational spectra were interpreted, with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical force field. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. The effects of halogen substituents on the structure and vibrational frequencies have been investigated. Comparison of simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.  The ¹³C and ¹H NMR chemical shifts of the DFA and CA molecules were calculated using the Gauge-Invariant- atomic orbital (GIAO) method in DMSO solution using IEF-PCM model and compared with experimental data.

Generating expansion planning is one of the most significant parts in grid expansion planning. The generating expansion planning extends from 10 to 30 years. Among the electrical storage systems we can refer to super conductive storage system, batteries, dense-air storage system, dense-air storage system inherent in pipes, and pumped-storage power plans. This study shed some light on storage system used in pumped storage power plants. Reliability is one of the most important constraints in power stations. In generating expansion planning, the Loss of Load Probability index is one of the most vigorous indices for reliability system. WASP program is one of the most powerful instruments for generation expansion planning. In this paper is not utilize WASP-IV and proposed algorithm using MATLAB program for Iranian power grid with and without pumped storage power plants within a time period of 10 years (2020- 2020); then the results have been compared.

One type of Islamic historiography is through historical biographical dictionaries. The rise and development of this type of historiography in the seventh century AH, coincided with the establishment of the Mamluk Sultanate (648-922 AH). Although it was Y?q?t al-Hamawi (626 AH), the author of Mu'jam al-udab?, who wrote the first of these sources in the Islamic history, Ibn Khallikan (681 AH), through writing most renowned work Wafay?t al-A'y?n, entered biographical dictionary writing in a new phase as a profession and elevated it. In fact, subsequent biographical dictionaries like al-Wafi Belwafiat by al-Safdi, Fawat al-Fawayat by Ibn Shaker, Al-Manhal al-Safi by Ibn Taghribirdi complement Wafay?t al-A'y?n. Historical dictionaries enjoy a high status and importance in Islamic historical studies especially in the realm of the Islamic culture and civilization such that without referring to them, research in this realm as well as other realms is impossible. In addition to having a brief look at the status of historiographies during this sultanate and how biographical dictionaries were formed, this study aims to review and analyze the resources, methods and motives for such historical works.

Anaemia is a common health problem among women throughout the world. The present study with the objective to assess the nutritional status of rural village women and to study the knowledge of village women regarding Anaemia. In addition to this, the effect of various socio-economic and demographic factors on Anaemia related knowledge of village women are assessed. The cross sectional study was carried out in Punavasal village of Tiruvarur District in Cauvery delta region, Tamil Nadu. A total of 1000 respondents were selected randomly. Their knowledge was tested and socio-demographic and nutritional profile was recorded. Conclusion was that knowledge of rural women was found to be very poor in regard of Anaemia, nutritional status was unsatisfactory. To eradicate the problem of Anaemia a more intense awareness campaign is required in the region. Keywords: Anaemia, Heamoglobin, Blood, RBC, WBC.

A carbon based (Graphene) working electrode containing enzyme alkaline phosphatase, cellulose acetate and Poly Vinyl Pyrolidone (PVP), Ferrocene, Horseradish peroxidise and aq. KOH was specially designed and fabricated. It is then combined with Ag/AgCl reference and a platinum electrode to form a three electrode based amperometric biosensor for the electrochemical detection of Enterobacter aerogenes as biological warfare agent (BWA) in the presence and absence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel technique and were characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, TEM and XRD techniques. Change in current response and OCP values helps in the detection of BWA in presence and absence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Effects of temperature, stirring and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the BWA have also been investigated.

This study shows the ‘Anchorperson Presentational style of private TV channels and students perception university of Sargodha”. In Pakistan electronic media is considered more powerful media for all types of communications. Especially private electronic media is playing very important role in both positive and negative aspects. The contents of private media are considered as perception and opinion making tools. Talk shows and their anchorpersons are considered influenced in opinion and perception making of respondents. For this study 50 respondents have been selected from BS and 50 respondents from Master Class. In this study survey research technique was been used to exposure the role of anchorpersons and their presentational style in talk shows. The empirical research shows the anchorpersons has political affiliation as well as exaggerates the issues. Findings show that Geo news anchorperson Hamid Mir exaggerate the issues (59%) as compare to JavedChaudry (55%) and Kamran Shahid (42%). It is also find that that Hamid Mir is considered most political affiliated anchorpersons which is supported by findings taht Hamid Mir anchorperson of private TV new channels has political affiliation frequently (71%) which is much more JavedChadury (55%) and Kamran Shahid (50%).It is also find that viewers are more satisfied with anchorpersons of Express News as compare to other news channels. Over all findings show that respondents are satisfied (59%) from anchor persons of Express News which is much more Geo News (51%) and Duyna (40%).

This present study was aimed determining the potency of methanol extract of leaves of Annona senegalensis. on tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice (20 in number )and to evaluate the safety of the leaves in ethnomedicinal prescription. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 4 animals each. Mean survival time (MST) and percentage increase in life span were highest in group IV with values 3.0 ± 0 .03 and 5±0.05 respectively at 1000 mg / kg body weight (b.w). Packed cell volume (PCV) showed progressive decrease as the dosage increased from 100 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg in all the groups when compared with doxorubicin control groups with value 34.5. Viable tumor cell counts were 22.2 (group III 100 mg/kg), 20.1 (group IV 1000 mg/kg) and 18.0 group V (doxorubicin 10 mg / kg standard drug) and values are statistically different from the MEAS control (group II ) with value 28.2. Non-viable tumors cell counts were on the increase as the doses increased; 5.10 (group III 100 mg/kg), 6.47(group IV 1000 mg/kg) and 7.24 (group V 0.8 mg/kg doxorubicin standard drug) while the MEAS control (group II) was 5.00 and values were compared. All hematological parameters showed increase at the doses (intraperitoneal) investigated except total WBC white blood cells with slight decrease in values among the groups. Toxicity studies (LD50) showed that the leaf methanol extract was safe even at 5000 mg/kg b.w. The study therefore showed that leaves methanol extract of A. senegalensis Pers. had anti-tumor properties on the experimental animals and can therefore serve as a medication for tumor problems.

This study investigated contributions of industrial wastewater on quality of receiving urban rivers and streams in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania, to establish their contamination levels and assess risks to human health and ecology. Water and sediment samples from 21 locations were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, nutrients and toxic metals. Pollution status was evaluated by contamination indices and comparison with benchmarks. Results showed high levels of dissolved solids, nutrients and toxic metals in water and significant levels of contamination in sediments. Poorly treated industrial effluents contributed in contaminating the receiving rivers; however significant levels of contamination were found to originate from other upstream sources as well. These findings indicate high risk to human health and the environment.

Data on acute toxicity and safety of fenugreek still not sufficient. Hence the objective of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of fenugreek seeds aqueous extract (FSA) in vivo. Twelve male Swiss albino mice, were randomly divided into control (C), and three treated (T1, T2, and T3) groups (n = 3 each). T1, T2, and T3 were given 3gm, 6gm, and 9gm/kg body weight FSA respectively. Intragastric divided doses of FSA were given as per OECD guidelines 425. Continuous observation of signs of acute toxicity and survival set up. Body weight was measured every 3 days, blood glucose level was measured after 6 hours, then on days 3, 7, and 14. Liver function test was measured on days 3 and 14 which is the day of sacrificing the mice. Liver was dissected and processed for histopathological examination.Administration of 9g/kg body weight of FSA showed 66.7% survival rate, while the lower FSA doses showed 100% survival. 3, 6, and 9g/kg body weight FSA failed to induce any signs of acute toxicity. Furthermore, no significant effect shown on mice body weight, blood glucose level and liver enzymes. Histologically, all FSA administered doses showed mild portal inflammation, mild mononuclear cell infiltration in hepatic parenchyma, in addition to mild bile stasis induced only in mice received 9g/kg of FSA. FSA showed minimum lethal oral dose and mild liver histopathological inflammatory changes.