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Managing the marketing mix makes marketing seem to easy to handle and organize. Marketing is separated from other activities of the firm and delegated to specialists who take care of the analysis, planning and implementation of various marketing tasks, such as market analysis, marketing planning, advertising, sales promotion, sales, pricing, distribution and product packaging. Marketing departments are created to take responsibility for the marketing function of the firm, sometimes together with outside specialists on, for example, market analysis and advertising. Both in the marketing literature and in everyday marketing vocabulary the expression “marketing department”, and organization unit, is used as a synonym for marketing function, which is the process of taking care of the fulfilment of customer needs and desires. However, the organizational approach inherent in the marketing mix management paradigm is not very useful either. The psychological effect on the rest of the organization of a separate marketing department is, in the long run, often devastating to the development of a customer orientation or market orientation in a firm. A marketing orientation with, for example, high-budget advertising campaigns may be developed, but this does not necessarily have much to do with true market orientation and a real appreciation for the needs and desires of the customers. The existence or introduction of such a department may be a trigger that makes everybody else lose whatever little interest in the customers they may have had. The marketing department approach to organizing the marketing function has isolated marketing from design, production, deliveries, technical service, complaints handling, invoicing and other activities of the firm. As a consequence, the rest of the organization has been alienated from marketing. Therefore, it has made it difficult, often even impossible, to turn marketing into the “integrative function” that would provide other departments with the market-related input needed in order to make the organization truly market oriented and reach a stage of “co-ordinated marketing”.

Manufacturing industries aims at the reduction in usage of cutting fluids to combat Environmental and Ecological issues towards which new techniques are being explored. Hard turning with minimum quantity lubrication is one such technique which can abate the pollution problems associated with the cutting fluids. The present paper deals with the experimental investigation in turning of hardened AISI D3 steel with CVD coated indexable inserts under minimum quantity lubrication using vegetable oils as cutting fluids. An orthogonal array, analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Deng’s index are applied to study the performance of input parameters such as insert style, cutting fluid, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut by considering quality characteristics such as surface roughness, material removal rate, interface temperature, specific energy and flank wear. Finally a clear presentation is made for Deng’s method

‘Change’ is the campaign strategy Alhaji Mohammadu Buhari used in emerging the winner in the March, 28, 2015 Presidential election in Nigeria. Recently, Nigerians took to the online media to discuss the nature of the ‘change’ the president promised during his election campaign. This article explored the online discourse on the ‘Change’ agenda based on the context of Public Sphere Theory. The study used survey with a questionnaire as the instrument for data collection to sample 300 academic staff in the South-East geo-political zone in Nigeria to determine if their use of online media induced their participation in the discourse on ‘Change’ agenda and the credibility of the discourse. The study found that exposure to online media discourse is associated with political participation. online media platforms did not only provided avenues for political interaction but also effective in persuading participation in the discussion of matters of public interest like the ‘Change’ Agenda of the government. The study, therefore, recommends that citizens should utilize the opportunity presented by the online media platforms to present public service agenda which can attract attention to the essence of participating in governance and holding people in the position of authority accountable.

CNC Wire Electric Discharge Machining is the process of material removal using electrical discharge erosion action, with a wire electrode travelling longitudinally through the work piece. The work piece and wire electrode both are immersed in a dielectric fluid. The relative moving passage between the wire electrode and work piece is controlled by a CNC system that is pre-programmed. The Wire Electrical Discharge Machining performance mainly depends on various machining parameters like generator parameters, drawing parameters and user parameters. But the most prominent parameters are generator parameters as they are very important for sparking principles. Reference Voltage (V), Pulse on-time (Ton), Pulse off-time (Toff) fluid injection pressure mode (Inj), Wire tension (WB), Wire velocity (WS) are the crucial machining process parameters which has influence on the machining performance characteristics such as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (Ra), Spark Gap (SG) and Dimensional Deviation (DD) while processing / slicing of ingot. Variation in machining performances causes both functional, profit and loss for any manufacturing organisation. Hence, an attempt has been made to study and optimize these machining parameters for minimizing the variations in multiple machining performances and process model (empirical relationship/regression model) between the process parameters (V, Ton, Toff, Inj, WB, WS) and the performance characteristics (MRR, Ra, SG and DD) has been developed. These process model can predict the level of performance that the machine would render for a given set of process parameters, thereby providing prior knowledge of desired machining performance before actually producing the part. The process model is able to show the dependency of machining performance on process parameters, which will be useful for both machine designers and the machine users.

The kinetics of oxidation of some para-substituted benzyl alcohols by PDC have been studied in DMSO spectrophotometrically acidified with TsOH. From good linear Eyring plots ?H# and ?S# are calculated. The reaction has unit dependence on each [PDC], [H+] and [Alcohol]. Electron-releasing substituent accelerates the reaction, whereas electron-withdrawing groups retard the reaction, and the rate data obey Hammett's relationship. PDC is acting as two-electron transfer oxidant. A mechanism implicating the prior acid-catalyzed formation of dichromate ester followed by cyclic intermediate is proposed.

The results of the first for Bulgaria ecomonitoring researches, carried out during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) of 2011 in 4 biotopes of the Vit River valley in the direction middle – lower course trough tests performed to find chemical pollution, are presented; analysis of the biological diversity of bioindicative groups of organisms (bioindicative macroinvertebrate fauna), occupying different trophical levels in the researched freshwater ecosystems. The physicochemical monitoring was made on the basis of indicators of: acidity, insoluble substances, conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate ions, sulphate ions, copper, lead, etc.

Nanoparticles of ~10 nm in diameter made with chitosan or lactic acid-graftedchitosan were developed for high drug loading and prolonged drug release. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 94.4% and a release rate of 28% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with bovine serum protein. A drug encapsulation efficiency of 97% and a release rate of 38% from chitosan nanoparticles after 24 hours were demonstrated with aceclofenac. To further increase drug encapsulation, prolongdrug release, and increase chitosan solubility in solution of neutral pH, chitosan was modifiedwith lactic acid by grafting D,L-lactic acid onto amino groups in chitosan without using a catalyst. The lactic acid-grafted chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated a drug encapsulation efficiency of96% and a protein release rate of 15% after 24 hours. And in case of diclofenac, drug encapsulation efficiency of 98% and a aceclofenac release rate of 25% after 24 hours. Unlike chitosan, whichis generally soluble only in acid solution, the chitosan modified with lactic acid can be preparedfrom solutions of neutral pH, offering an additional advantage of allowing proteins or drugs tobe uniformly incorporated in the matrix structure with minimal or no denaturization.

This study was intended to investigate the satisfaction level of prospective teachers towards their training course and in this regard relevant literature was searched and required data was collected from the sample of 100 prospective teachers (only B.Ed. student,) through administration of questionnaire. After analysis of data it was disclosed that all factors including curriculum, teaching methodology, library and physical facilities and assessment have correlation with each other as well as great influence on quality of education and if all these components are considered while planning training program for prospective teachers than it will surely enhance satisfaction level among student teachers and quality of education in teacher training institutes will also raise.

This study aims to determine the relationships between perceived maternal parenting styles, self-esteem and depression with self-esteem as a mediator among adolescents. Baumrind’s typology parenting theory serves as the foundation concept in the model of the present study. Sample for the study consists of 202 secondary school students from Batu Pahat, Johor. Three instruments were used to measure the key variables in this study: Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and Beck Depression Inventory-Malay (Mukhtar, 2008). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to determine the model fit, and also determine the direct and indirect effect of the mediator. Correlation analyses showed that adolescents who perceived their mothers parenting styles as: 1) authoritarian is positively correlated with depression and negative correlated with self-esteem; 2) authoritative negative correlated with depression, and positively correlated with self-esteem; and 3) permissive positively correlated with depression and negative correlated with self-esteem. Additional analyses revealed that adolescents’ with higher levels of self-esteem showed low depression. Using SEM, the study model was found to have an acceptable fit (RMSEA = .059; CFI = .994 & p=.181). Implication, limitations and recommendations of the study were discussed.

This study aims to examine the learners’ and the teachers’ attitude towards learning English. It aims to explore the existing co-relationship between the attitudeand the achievement in English. The paper is limited to the JCC which may be applicable to any other college that is of similar type. The focus group has been used as a technique of data collection, however, personal experience and observation play a major role in the process of interpretation, conclusion and recommendations. The findings show that the positive attitude towards learning/teaching English plays an important role in the overall achievement in the target language. It has also been noticed that though the Saudi people realize the importance of using (especially speaking) English, they tend to show indifference towards those who try to interact in the foreign language. It is found that there is a positive correlation between attitude towards learning/teaching English and their proficiency in it. In addition, the study reveals that students have open access to use media technology such as websites, online learning, college developed e-learning resources etc which could be proved to be effective techniques and strategies for the target language achievement. On the other hand, it has also been realised that inspite of the fact all the necessary equipment and resources are in practice, the achievement is not upto the mark. Thus, teachers’ role is quite crucial in this connection. Many other studies can be undertaken to prove the positive effect of the attitude of the teachers/learners on learning in general and language achievement in particular.