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The classroom study forms the backbone of the language learning process for many learners. But it is the duty of the teacher to motivate students to engage in their self study. This paper examines four aspects of the learning process that self-directed learners are generally understood to be able to navigate: planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating; it then suggests ways in which teachers can foster these abilities in the language learning classroom. Teachers can help learners to assume more responsibility for their own learning and develop them as more effective language learners.

Failures of equipments and process costs money. The reasons for failure could be either a bad design, improper working conditions, failure of system components as they approaches the wear out stage or a combination of these factors. There is no way of completely eliminating failures. However, a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of equipment failure can allow failure control measures to be developed and implemented. Unreliability is the costly part of the economic equation and adopting measures to improve reliability and availability of the system will ultimately result in economic gain. The present work attempts to provide an estimate of the net effect of modification that is required for a system by using the control chart procedure. The method involves plotting control charts for each of the components using the time to fail. The central line of the control chart corresponds to the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and the control limits are placed at a distance of from the mean line and is based on t- distribution. The components that require an improvement with regard to failure rate is identified by analysing the control charts. The desired change in the component availabilities as well as the system availability can be obtained and an estimate of the net effect of modification is also arrived. The model can provide a measure of the performance of the components as well as that of the system. The quantification of the improvements required, if any, can be obtained using the model. A 11 step algorithm is also developed based on the model. It is hoped that the developed model and algorithm will prove to be a powerful tool in process reliability analysis.

In this paper we report simulation and experimental characterization of microstrip antenna that employs silver nanofilm as radiating patch. The bulk silver is deposited to a thickness of 30 nm using physical vapor deposition system. In this work non-contacting feed aperture coupled patch antenna is used in order to avoid soldering problem between nanofilm (ultrathin) and bulk copper feed thickness of 17 micron. The experimental result of fabricated nanofilm antenna shows wide bandwidth response over bulk patch antenna. Using nanofilm, an optimum bandwidth of 12% is obtained which is 50% higher than bulk patch antenna. The nanofilm antenna resonates around 6.5 GHz finds application in ‘C’ band frequency.

Accurate rainfall prediction is of great interest for water management and flood control. In reality, physical processes influencing the occurrence of rainfall are highly complex, uncertain and nonlinear. In this paper, we present tools for modeling and predicting the behavioral pattern in rainfall phenomena based on past observations. The aim of this paper is to predict the seasonal rainfall of (Iran) khozestan using artificial neural network (ANN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. In order to evaluate the prediction efficiency, we made use of 33 years of seasonal rainfall data from year 1976 to 2008 of Khozestan Province (Iran). The models were trained with 28 years of seasonal rainfall data. The ANN and the ARIMA approaches are applied to the data to derive the weights and the regression coefficients respectively. The performance of the model was evaluated by using remaining 5 years of data. The study reveals that ANN model can be used as an appropriate forecasting tool to predict the rainfall, which out performs the ARIMA model.

This article contains, in the first chapter, a general presentation of an installation for neutralization of aggressive waters, which may resulted in some electrical thermo-centrals, as those from Deva-Mintia, Paroseni (Romania) etc., in removal of sulphur and by washing anion and cation filters, necessary for de-pollution. Before waters evacuation, the pH must be kept in the limits of neutral values. The automation command is redundant and needs a PC computer and a microcontroller, of Twido type, for example, produced by Schneider Company. We choose here to present what is inside the PC, where was installed a LabVIEW programming environment and where was created a simulation program, which works independently of process and of data acquisition modules and which was called Mintia.sim.vi. This simulates communications with inputs and outputs, through the NI ELVIS - Instrumentation, Data Acquisition and Prototyping for Labs modules. The second chapter presents the interfaces between PC and process: data acquisition modules and multiplexer module, connected in the PC USB port, which were either simulated or included in NI ELVIS. The third chapter contains the program short description, with its panel, offering controls and indicators, among whom being so called „tanks”, which symbolize neutralization and consumption tanks (HCL and NaOH), which indicate, synchronously with physic reality, the reminded tanks filling or depletion. The start and stop controls command the equipment power supply and some virtual LED-s and messages inform permanently the operator about the filling-neutralization-depleting process running. Consequently, the panel is both an operative and a synoptic one.

The aim of this paper is to explore the enhanced methods of transesterification and pyrolysis of waste cooking oil and plastic scrap. Pyrolysis of plastic waste produces bio-oil. The waste cooking oil from hotel industries are subjected to transesterification. The combined bio-diesel and bio-oil from pyrolysis are subjected to cracking reaction which yields bio-diesel with excellent quality for using in automobile engines and to synthesis petrochemicals.

The aim of present search is Study of economical social factors on women perspectives in Esfahan City relating to the role of advertisement on decreasing family consumption. Research method is survey one and statistical population are including all households in Esfahan. Sampling has been done by random method among women of above centers and their numbers are 284 women as a sample device of gathering info is questionnaire whose validity has been reported by professor study and omission  vague questions ( content validity) for estimating its reliability by Cronbach coefficient and it is 86%. For analyzing data we use descriptive or deductive statistics (Ki- Cho test) and variance analysis. Research results show that there is a relation among the type of skill and women employment their perspectives.

Synthesis of photoadduct ([Co(NH3)3(C12H8N2)Cl] Cl2) based on [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and 1,10-phenenthroline (C12H8N2) has been successfully achieved by a photochemical route. The as prepared photoadduct has been subjected to different spectroscopic characterizations. The empirical formula mentioned for the photoadduct has been confirmed by CHN analysis. This was also supported by FTIR spectra. UV-Visible spectroscopy reflects the material to exhibit non-linear optical (NLO) properties as the material was shown to exhibit wide transparency in most part of visible region, which is an essential condition for NLO behavior. This has been confirmed by the second harmonic generation (SHG) test, which clearly revealed a greenish emission of wavelength 532 nm from an incident laser radiation of wavelength 1064 nm. The SHG efficiency for the photoadduct was found to be 0.46 times to that of standard KDP. Also, I-V characteristics shows the material to fallow ohmic behavior with a resistance of 1.2 M?. This has been attributed to the large band gap as obtained from UV-Visible spectra.

In this research work, effect of outer jacket insulation on energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter has been analyzed. Energy equivalent shows the sum of the heat capacities of the components in the calorimeter, especially the bomb, the bucket and the water in the bucket. Energy equivalents are determined at regular intervals by experimenting with a sample of a standard material with a known heat of combustion. Emphasis is being placed on minimizing thermal losses between bomb calorimeter and surrounding. For that some Saw dust are introduced in the outer jacket of the present calorimeter which was previously designed only for filling with water (water jacket). For assessing the effect and significance of these selected insulations on energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter, experiments and calculation have been done with same fuel (Benzoic Acid). In other words, we want to prove that when heat transfer between system and surrounding is less, energy equivalent of bomb calorimeter would be lesser. Experiments were carried out on bomb calorimeter with four types of jackets which are filled with water (Thermal conductivity – 0.56), glass wool (Thermal conductivity – 0.04), and saw dust (Thermal conductivity – 0.08). Some modification work on existing bomb calorimeter had to be done so that selected insulations can be installed as desired in the apparatus for experiments.

This study sets out to analyze the syntactic analysis of George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a way of providing an alternative reading of the text. The studies examine the syntactic functions of some sentence types, cohesion in relation to the text and reference function. All these are investigated. Thus, the principal aim of this study is to show how some syntactic features contribute to the elucidation of the message of the text and thereby enhancing its readability.