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Patharia forest is situated near the north of Tropics of Cancer on Vindhyan peaks. The forest is a dry deciduous forest .It has a undulating topography with low rising hills scattered all round. The average monthly minimum and maximum temperatures are 11.1°C and 25°C in January and 40°C and 44°C in June. Forest is dominated by Tectona grandis,, Butea monosprma, Accacia sp. etc., and ground floara consist of Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Euphorbia geniculata, Heteropogon contortum, Cyanadon dactylon, Biophytum sensitivum, Cassia tora etc. Occurrence of various shapes, sizes, colours of mushrooms in the forest suggest that climatic conditions together with forest waste provides conducive environment to these mushrooms. Present studies deals with the diversity of mushrooms in Patharia forest. After survey of Patharia forest which has been done during the period of July 2012-July 2013, there are number of wild mushrooms were collected but only 18 mushroom species which belong to 12 families are identified viz. Tyromyces caesius, Coprinus saccharinus, Clavaridelphus sp., Tremets elegans, Schizophyllum commune, Macrolepiota procera, Geastrum triplx Polyporous sp.,Lepiota caerulescens, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus,Macolepiota sp., Tricoloma sp., Pleuteus sp Ganoderma sp., Pluteus flavofuligineus, Fomoptopsis pinicola Stereum hirsutum,Coltricia sp.

In Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial responsibilities. Diet is an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of T2D. This study aimed to investigate the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the risk of T2DM in Lebanese non-diabetic men and women and to compare the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among non-diabetic versus diabetic as well as to validate the Arabic version of a 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the greater area of Beirut region. Study subjects were 150 diabetic and 150 non-diabetic aged ?40 years. They were matched by age and gender. The level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was identified using the MEDAS questionnaire and the risk of diabetes was identified using a short diabetes risk assessment questionnaire. Compared to Non-diabetic men, the majority of women in our population were obese (44%) and 63% of them were inactive (p=0.01).The majority of men had overweight (52%) (p=0.004). No significant differences between genders concerning body weight (p=0.002). Moreover, no significant differences between men and women concerning the family history of diabetes, the occurrence of high blood pressure or the risk of diabetes (p=0.4, p=0.6, p=0.2 respectively). The level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among non-diabetic subjects shows no statistical differences among MEDAS score categories between genders, age categories, body weight and BMI (p>0.05). Unadjusted binary logistic regression shows that diabetic participants had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet by 0.53 times more than non-diabetic participants (OR=0. 53, 95% CI 0.288-0.994). In addition, regression shows that more than 70% of non-diabetic subjects with low adherence score had a high risk of diabetes (OR=0.35, [95% CI 0.12-1.0]) compared to those with moderate + high score. Concerning the validation of the MEDAS questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was not statistically significant in our population.These findings confirm that lifestyle modifications provide potentially useful and relevant information on the relationship between diet and disease prevention among Lebanese adults.

This work reports the numerical study of MHD free convection boundary layer flow of Casson fluid brought by vertically inclined porous surface in presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects. Darcian viscous flow model for the porous medium is employed and the Rosseland diffusion approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The homogeneous chemical reaction of first order is accounted in mass diffusion equation. The arising mathematically modelled non-linear partial differential equations of Casson fluid flow are successfully converted into linear coupled partial differential equations with the source of suitable transformation. The numerical solutions are computed through the application of finite difference method. The effect logs of an interesting physical parameters namely, Grashof number for heat and mass transfer, Magnetic field parameter, Permeability parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Thermal radiation parameter, Heat sink parameter, Chemical reaction parameter, Casson fluid parameter and Angle of inclination parameter number are discussed graphically. Further, the variations of skin-friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates are identified by way of tables. Comparison with the previous published literature is presented and an excellent agreement is reported.

We are very happy to announce that from 9th June 2018, Dr. Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Agriculture. Dr. Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky working as Professor of Agricultural Zoology Assistant in Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Campus (ElKawamel), Sohag University, New Sohag City, Sohag, Egypt. The appointment of Dr. Abd El-Aleem Saad Soliman Desoky as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Nowadays, controlling herbal pest and spraying operation are considered as important and inevitable activities in agriculture. In case the mentioned operation is performed in a proper manner and chosen a suitable sprayer, the cost of spraying and following operation will decrease and the yield will increase. Given the fact that Eurygaster Integriceps has been known as the most important pest of wheat which is a strategic product throughout the world, farmers use different sprayers in order to control this pest. In this study, micronair, electrostatic atomizer, atomizer, lance, and simple backpack sprayers were compared in the form of randomized complete blocks with four iterations, for controlling the Eurygaster Integriceps. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS software. The results of the evaluation at the level of 5% revealed that, regarding the operation effect grade for controlling Eurygaster Integriceps pest, micronair sprayer with a 82.09% of died pest was at the highest rank, and electrostatic atomizer sprayer with a 75.88%, atomizer sprayer with a 72.40%, lance sprayer with a 66.60%, and simple backpack sprayer with a 62.58 % of died pests are at the next ranks. Given the obtained results in this study, for controlling Eurygaster Integriceps in the region of Kermanshah, micronair, electrostatic atomizer, atomizer, lance, and backpack sprayer were recommended, respectively.

The role and importance of Mutual fund institutions is widely appreciated and acknowledged and the Kenyan government has increased emphasis on fund mobilization through legislations which gave birth to Mutual funds. Despite the significant role played by Mutual funds in Kenya, their growth is relatively low. This research seeks to assess the effect of financial innovation on growth of mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 61 funds/ units operating under 18 listed fund institutions in 2016. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling to ensure that each fund type is proportionately represented in the sample. Secondary and primary tools were used to supplement data collected. Reliability and validity tests were conducted to test the quality of data collected. Inferential statistics were done to identify the relationship between financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The study results indicate financial innovation has significant and positive influence on the growth mutual fund institutions listed in NSE. The study indicated that 17.8% explains the relationship between financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions linked with Return on investment while 46.3% explains financial innovation and growth of mutual fund institutions linked with assets under management

In present paper an attempt is made to study the effect of radiative heat transfer term on the propagation of a weak shock in a two dimensional steady supersonic flow of non ideal gas along a curved wall. The flow phenomenon in characteristic plane is investigated and its behavior at the first frozen Mach wave is discussed .The position and condition of breakdown of the solution and condition necessary for no shock formation on the first frozen Mach line is also obtained and discussed. Using perturbation technique governing equation up to second order of approximation are obtained and from there it is concluded that for a set of boundary conditions at the shock waves homogeneous parts are same for first and second order approximation.

Field experiment conducted to measured Slippage, Effective field capacity, Field Efficiency, Soil Volume Disturbed and Specific Productivity Tillage in silt clay loam soil with depth 18 cm in Baghdad- Iraq. Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications using Least Significant Design 5 % was used. Three factor used in this experiment included Two types of plows included Chisel and Disk plows which represented main plot , Three Tires Inflation Pressure was second factor included 1.1 ,1.8 and 2.7 Bar, and Three forward speeds of the tillage was third factor included 2.35 , 4.25 and 6.50 km/hr. Result show chisel plow recorded best parameters performance.

Narrative Exposure Therapy’s application was discovered by a research on African refugee’s settlement. NET was noted to help people who have been traumatized confront their painful memories and feelings than Supportive Counseling and Psycho education. Narrative Exposure Therapy uses techniques that aim at reducing the level of distress with memories of the event and quelling the resultant physiological reactions through narration and exposure. NET has also been noted to be better than other types of psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions in post conflict settings. Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) a short-term treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder can be applied in low and middle income, in post conflict settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NET in reducing symptoms of PTSD and depression among bereaved adolescents in selected children’s homes. The study took place in 8 children’s homes in Kajiado County, Kenya. The sample size was 154 bereaved adolesdents aged 12-18 years. All the respondents provided informed consent. Respondents were administered a socio demographic questionaire which captured the age, gender, level of education, and respondents status of significant others. University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index was used to identify the types of traumatic events that bereaved adolescents had experienced. NET was found effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD as seen in reduced mean scores from base-line 3.1923 ± (SD: .55963)) to mid-line 2.2308 ± (SD: .50768) and from mid-line to end-line 1.4359 ± (SD: .49908). The reduction was statistically significant at p=0.0001. NET was effective in reducing symptoms of depression as seen in reduced mean scores of the experimental group at base-line (3.04), mid-line (2.39) and end-line (1.23) seen in p=0.0001 compared to the control group. This study confirmed that NET as an effective treatment of PTSD among bereaved adolescents and it is therefore recommended that mental health workers should apply NET in adolescents specifically bereaved and presenting with PTSD symptoms.

The levels of fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols were determined in the raw, roasted and cooked wholeseeds flour of Treculia africana. Results showed crude fat varied from 2.90 – 8.67 g/100 g; SFA from 18.7 – 31.2 % of total fatty acids, total polyunsaturated unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) varied from 34.7 – 46.8 % and MUFA/SFA ranged from 0.962 – 2.89, PUFA/SFA ranged from 1.05 – 2.50, n-6/n-3, EPSI (PUFA/MUFA), LA/aLA and EPA/DHA ranged from 7.80 – 28.8, 0.830 – 1.35, 30.4 – 237 and 0.530 – 1.21 respectively. The samples had high levels of n-6 fatty acids but low in n-3 fatty acids. In the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine was highest in the raw wholeseed flour whereas phosphatidylinositol was highest both in roasted and cooked wholeseed flours with respective values of 733 and 733 (mg/100 g). The sterol values in the samples varied from: raw (7.9e-8 – 98.4); roasted (3.1e-7 - 302) and cooked (5.40e-6 – 309) mg/100 g. In all the samples, cholesterol was of the least concentration. In all nutrient parameters considered, roasted and cooked wholeseed flours were better than the raw wholeseed flour. Correlation coefficient was significantly and positively high at r = 0.05 in: the crude fats, total fatty acids and energy; fatty acids, fatty acids as food, energy contribution from fatty acids and sterols.