Archives-June... 

In many knowledge systems there are knowledge-acquisition (KA) techniques to help knowledge engineers and domain experts build and maintain the system’s knowledge base. These techniques can be classified in many ways. Some of this ways are kind of Knowledge which obtained, type of knowledge which captured, purpose of technique, tool type, out put and result of techniques. In this paper we compared different techniques according to above items, in a table. Also this table includes the description, strengths and weaknesses for each technique.

The present study was conducted to determine frequency of contraceptive use and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of married male towards contraceptive methods at Mithi, Sindh. Cross sectional survey. Taluka Mithi District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan from May to July 2012. Total 323 cases were included in the study. Data was on a pre tested questionnaire. Study population comprised of married males aged 15-55 years living at Taluka Mithi. Data was entered in SPSS 21.0. Simple frequencies and percentages were calculated. Of 323 number of participants, only 89% (n=287) had the knowledge of contraceptive methods. A number of 34% (n=113) participants responded that they use different method, remaining were not able to respond clearly which may be due to little knowledge. Most of the study participants were of view that using contraceptive methods is the job of female spouses. The present study shows that majority of male do not use contraceptive method. The male behavior reveals that they are not interested in family planning and child spacing as they think it a matter of female.

Lateral thinking is a special form of thinking which involves collecting the information and making the best use of it. Thinking decides the output of information and the part of lateral thinking enables the brain to get into different mindset. It is all about bringing things that are seemingly unrelated. Problem with most of the Indian learners are not using the acquired information and not attempting to acquire new information. Their mindset hinders their mind to intake, produce and presents the information for the required contexts. Educational system and the socio-psychological background of the learners are considered the reasons for their inability. Improving lateral thinking skills paves the way to keep an open mind to acquire new language habits and to change the mindset in accordance with situations. A conducive thinking environment is created through interactive and creative tasks such as group discussion and Situational speaking in the technology enabled classrooms. These activities make the learners think through the thoughts that nobody would have thought about and thereby provide both the outside and inside inputs to think in a lateral way. It leads the learner to construct something new out of every effort and imagination. The present study reveals that the environment created to induce the lateral thinking skills has helped the learners to improve not only communicative competence but also their comprehension ability.

According to the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, (2009) Kenya’s poverty levels are estimated to be on the decline, while the number of those living below the poverty line is estimated to have increased from 13.4 million in 1997 to about 16.6 million in 2006. The incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas at 49.1 per cent compared with 33.7 per cent in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linkages on small scale livestock farming in Baringo County. The study adopted the stakeholder’s theory by (Friedman, 1984) which states that the organization itself should be thought of as grouping of stakeholders who manage their interests, needs and viewpoints. He posits that the parties involved in an enterprise, includes governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees, and customers, who play a significant role in enterprise success. The research employed stratified random and simple random sampling for data collection. A structured questionnaire using interviews was administered to a representative sample of 67 small-scale livestock farmers. Data was collected on types of links, incidence of links and function of identified link formations. The study hypothesis was tested using Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Study findings showed a significant relationship between linkages and small scale livestock performance. The study recommends that agricultural stakeholders such as KVDA, KARI, KLMC and MLFD should partner with the farmers in providing relevant information, so as to facilitate better management of their livestock, training on better technologies, breeding options, and ensure enterprise growth for sustainable economic development. Research on the establishment of community ranches and a meat processing firm within the county be carried for the benefit of the farmers and provide ready market with less exploitation from middlemen.

We are very happy to announce that from 13th April 2018, Mr. Aqa Raza has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Law. The appointment of Mr. Aqa Raza as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

In this paper, we study some of the properties of multi intuitionistic fuzzy rw-open mappings and multi intuitionistic fuzzy rw-closed mappings in multi intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces and prove some results on these.

This paper outline is an experimental study to optimize process parameters of plasma arc cutting for stainless steel 420. Three process parameters were chosen these are cutting speed, cutting current and torch height. The experiments are conducted based on taguchi’s L9 OA. The objective of optimization is to attain minimum Ra and maximum MRR individually. Regression models for Ra and MRR are developed based on Regression analysis in Minitab 17 Software. The optimal settings is obtained for Ra and MRR by using Genetic algorithm optimization technique in MATLAB R2013a software.

Participatory Notes are offshore derivative instruments (ODIs) issued, by SEBI-registered Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) in India, against an underlying security, which entitles the holder to a share in the income, either dividend or capital gain, from the underlying security. These are issued to foreign investors, which may be hedge funds, foreign pension and mutual funds, or other High Net worth Individuals abroad. They are issued outside of India to people outside of India. The underlying securities, shares of listed companies in India, are held in the custody of FIIs on behalf of the P-Note holders.There are several issues associated with P.Notes. The anonymity of investors-difficulty in fulfilling KYC (Know Your Client) and FTAF (Financial Action Task Force) norms for P-Notes, the Anti-Money Laundering issues and difficulty in tracing the identity of the funds, Lack of transparency and anonymity worries the government authorities. There are fears that P-Notes are ideal money-laundering vehicles. Some reports suggest that some FIIs created their own separate and parallel offshore market for Indian securities in derivative form-which will develop and this will take volumes and revenues from our markets. About 50% of the portfolio inflows into India come in the form of P-Note There are some apprehensions, and some evidence, that the P-Note route was being used for “round-tripping” resident Indians’ money-going out by questionable means and coming back through the P-Note route. It is in light of these features the paper analysis the various issues related with P. Notes.

Violent behaviour has contributed to destruction of facilities, physical disability, anxiety and poor academic performance in schools. In Bungoma County, cases of student violence in secondary schools have been reported in the recent years. For instance, in 2008, eight cases were reported, whereas in 2009 the number rose to over 30 cases. The purpose of the study was to establish teachers’ and students’ perceptions on forms and Psycho-social determinants of violent behavior among public secondary school students in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was based on the Social learning theory by Albert Bandura which states that learning of behavior is through imitation, reinforcement and identification. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population was composed of 63 Principals, 2,340 teachers, 20,670 form two students and 4 County Education Officers. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 364 teachers and 1,152 form two students from 213 public secondary schools while 213 Principals and 7 District Education Officers were selected using purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires and in-depth interview guides were used to collect data. Findings of the study revealed that forms of violent behavior as perceived by teachers and students were; rioting, fighting, bullying and sexual violence. Psycho-social determinants perceived by the teachers and students included; anxiety problems, experiencing mental problems and being fearful. It was concluded that rioting was the main form of violent behavior in secondary schools. Recommendations of the study were that: guidance and counseling be reinforced; and consistent control and discipline be encouraged.

The area of sentiment mining (also called sentiment extraction, opinion mining, opinion extraction, sentiment analysis, etc.) has seen a large increase in academic interest in the last few years. Researchers in the areas of natural language processing, data mining, machine learning, and others have tested a variety of methods of automating the sentiment analysis process. The feasibility and the benefits of the proposed approaches are demonstrated by means of spam review that is widely used in the field of sentiment classification. In the proposed work, a comparative study of the effectiveness of ensemble technique is made for sentiment classification. Bagging and boosting are two relatively new but popular methods for producing ensembles. In this work, bagging is evaluated on spam review data set in conjunction with Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the base learners. The proposed bagged NB, SVM, GA is superior to individual approaches for spam review in terms of classification accuracy.