Archives-June... 

The notion of -closed set was introduced and studied by R. Devi, V. Kokilavani and P. Basker [2]. In [5], the -closure and the -kernel are defined in terms of this weakly ultra- -separation and also investigate some of the properties of the -kernel and the -closure. Using this concept we introduce - -spaces, and spaces are also defined.

This work examined the efficiencies of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimators in lagged and unlagged models. Literature has shown gain in efficiency of SUR estimator over OLS estimator when the errors are correlated across equations. This paper studied the efficiencies of these estimators in a lagged and unlagged models and also sought a comparative study of these estimators in both models.Data was simulated for sample sizes 50, 100 and 1000 with 5000 bootstrapped replicates in each case with the predictors having Gaussian distribution. Results from the study showed that both estimators were efficient in each model with the SUR estimator being consistently more efficient than the OLS estimator as the sample size increased. On the assessment of the models, the unlagged model was found to be more efficient than the lagged model in small sample but converged as sample size increased.

This paper presents optimal cross section selection of MV feeders in radial power distribution system planning to reduce power loss and improve voltage profile using genetic algorithm. To analysis the steady state of network in each step of optimization, a direct approach load flow which is both robust and efficient and has high convergence speed is used. In this paper, feeder cross section selection will be performed considering the economic, power loss, and energy loss factors so that, constraints like maximum current capacity of feeders and allowed voltage drop of nodes are satisfied. The obtained result of feeder cross section selection problem will be close to absolute optimum point because of using genetic algorithm as an optimization tool. The proposed method is implemented on MATLAB software environment and through numerical example the validity of proposed method is verified.

A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted across a packet-switched network. A packet-switched network is an interconnected set of networks that are joined by routers or switching routers. Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which sets up a limited number of dedicated connections of constant bit rate and constant delay between nodes for exclusive use during the communication session. An overview of packet switching and packet technologies that use wired and wireless media Local Area Networks: Packets Switching.

We report the case of a 86-year-old man with previously diagnosed an adenocarcinoma of the right colon with metastasis to the penis. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy with negative margins and completed 12 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin and a fluoropyrimidine (FOLFOX IV). Two years later after the surgery, the patient presented tumoral progression and apparition of multiple metastases on liver and peritoneal carcinosis, the patient is since on supportive and palliative care. Few months later the clinical examination showed an indurated lesion of glans penis, whose resection was consistent with metastatic colon adenocarcinoma.

Variety of vegetable oils are available as alternate fuels but due to their high viscosity and low volatility, they are blended with diesel. Aim of the present work is to evaluate performance of diesel engine fueled with blends of methyl ester of cotton seed oil and diesel. Filtered cotton seed oil is converted into its methyl ester using transesterification process. Engine used is four stroke, single cylinder, variable compression ratio water cooled engine. Results show higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption for B10 as compared to other blends.

In this study coal fly ash (CFA) which is the waste product of coal fired power plant is used as an adsorbent for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution in packed bed column. The effect of bed height (7.5, 13.5, 27.5 cm), effect of flow rate (0.375, 0.75 and 1.0 ml/min) and initial phenol concentration (70.0, 292.7, 651.2, 1039.9 mgL-1) on the adsorption were studied by assessing the breakthrough curve. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were used to evaluate the column performance. The result shows that with increase in flow rate, break point time decreases while the values of maximum adsorption capacity (q0) decreased and the Thomas constant (KTh) increased. As the bed height and initial concentration increases, break point time increases with bed height but decreases with initial concentration but q0 increased while KTh decreased. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 5.90 mg/g at 1.0 ml/min flow rate and 27.5 cm bed height with phenol concentration of 1039.9 mg/L. Key words: Coal fly ash, Phenol, packed bed column, adsorption, Thomas and Yoon Nelson model.

River Cauvery is the major river system of south India. The nature of the quality of river water were studied for 11 physico-chemical parameters at four locations of the River Cauvery near Bhavani region of erode district, for a period of one year (January-December 2012) at monthly intervals. Over the years of time, river has been subjected to human interference regularly and water quality was getting deteriorated profoundly. Major anthropogenic activities practiced were in and around the study area. Agriculture, abstraction of water for irrigation and drinking, washing cloths, discharging of sewage waste, sand mining, boating, fishing, open defecation and religious ritual activities along the stretch were generating serious threat to the biota of the river by altering the physico-chemical concentration of the river system. The seasonal and yearly trends were discussed to comprehend anthropogenic interferences on the river. The Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Phenolphthalein Alkalinity, Total Alkalinity and Total Hardness levels indicate the moderate quality of water. The values of Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels indicate the presence of major organic pollution sources. The possibility is that since there are major industries in the study area, the major source of organic pollutants could be from these industries and domestic source. Thus present study concludes that river water was not severely polluted. Almost all the results are within the permissible limit when compared with Bureau of Indian Standards. However, it is suggested adequate treatment measures for the industrial effluents so as to reduce the organic pollutants before the situation becomes alarming.

This study aims to analyze the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaves extract of Jatropha curcas against histamine forming bacteria, and determine of minimum inhibitory concentration. The extraction process is done by maceration method using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extract was obtained continued by antibacterial activity test against histamine-forming bacteria. Concentration all extract of J. curcas is 1%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (w / v). Positive control using synthetic antibiotic ampicillin and negative controls used dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The results of phytochemical screening showed that ethyl acetate and methanol extracts containing 5 secondary metabolites, while the hexane and chloroform containing only 2 secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity test showed that the negative control and positive control do not provide inhibition against test bacteria. All types of extracts with concentrations of 1% to 30% (w / v) gave inhibition against test bacteria. The diameter of the inhibition of K. pneumoniae and C. perfringens for all jatropha leaf extract at a concentration of 1% (w / v) did not show any significant difference to the concentration of 10%. Lowest MIC (0.10% w / v) there at the ethyl acetate extract (E3) and methanol (E4) for the bacteria C. perfringens.

Water supply payment system is old fashioned has many problem and need improvement. In this paper a new approach was designed that is based on pay method where you buy amount of water in advance. Water companies have difficulties in accessing conventional water meters in remote places. Inefficiency is increased with growing number of population .It has high cost and difficulties in delivering water bills. This paper discusses a pre-paid SMS based water dispensing system that solves these problems by allowing the amount of flow of water pre-paid to pass through based on low cost intelligent control system that uses microcontroller, solenoid valve, turbine flow meter and GSM server. This system accurately controls the amount of water paid for in advance without human intervention or need for conventional water meters by turning solenoid valve on and allowing certain amount of water to pass through the flow meter until credit expires shutting the solenoid valve. The software application provides real time information about the credit left and quantity of water consumed both locally on LCD and remotely by SMS server as well as date and time and validity of credit if applicable.