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In this research, Investigation on FRP-cement mortar infilled-steel double-skin tubular member is carried out with emphasis on lateral and vertical load resistance located at seismically active regions. In this new structural member, three constituent materials are optimally combined. The outer tube is made of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), the inner tube is made of steel, and the space in-between is filled with cement mortar. These members are highly useful when they are used as columns in scaffolding. These members are cyclically loaded to their Ultimate load to study the behaviour of Double skin tubular short columns (DSTSCs) under increasing d/t ratio by parametric optimization approach using DOE (Design of Experiments). From this experimental research, following conclusions were drawn; As the length of the tube or column increases, load carrying capacity decreases for every particular D/T ratio. As D/T ratio increases, for a particular length of tube ultimate load decreases. As cement mortar ratio increases the ultimate load for d/t =10 &13.5 decreases but for the d/t 17.667 ultimate load decreased and suddenly shot up. As Gap (between the inner steel tube and outer frp) increases the ultimate load for each cement ratio decreases.

Concept of Concrete-filled steel tube is of recent origin where in the steel pipe is utilized to constraint its core concrete and make the core concrete under complex stress state so that concrete strength can be improved for its ductility and toughness . This structure possesses high bearing load capacity, good ductility, good anti-seismic performance, fire resistance property and low cost. It has been widely used in the civil engineering, such as bridge structures, high-rise buildings, and industrial plants and so on. Now a days , the concrete-filled steel tube has been studied a lot and have made great progress, However, for its Monotonic Loading, the concrete fill results in good bearing capacity, and compression loading is very difficult to realize. The concrete columns under compression is common form of engineering structures. Hence, it is necessary to study the failure and damage process of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column with M20,M25,M30,M40 grade of concrete under compression load. Experimental Results of Concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) column with M20,M25,M30, and M40MPa grade of concrete obtained by Previous Research (From VTU R& D project conducted at R & D Centre, Civil Engineering Department, Ghousia College of Engineering, Ramnagaram) will be modeled for Fracture Analysis and compared with actual fracture of Concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) columns using the ABAQUS /CAE 6.10-1. Proper Analytical modeling will be carried out taking in to account all fracture parameters and justified with ABAQUS. Ultimate load for all the above four infill’s, after crack will be determined.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the resistance and susceptibility of twenty four sugarcane varieties to iron chlorosis in an iron deficient soil (Typic Haplustert). Marked differences were observed among the investigated varieties in respect of their sensitivity to Fe chlorosis. Among the varieties, Co 8021, Co 86032, Co 86249, Co 94005 and Co 94012 recorded higher cane yield and were identified as most tolerant, and recommended for cultivation. Using resistant genotypes proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing chlorosis severity. Occurrence of the chlorosis was found to be associated with SPAD readings, chlorophyll content, and active Fe content of leaves, cane yield and sugar yield.

Good quality single crystals of pure p-hydroxy acetophenone (PHAP) and Cd+ doped p-hydroxy acetophenone have been successfully grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters of these crystals are found to be for pure PHAP and Cd+ doped PHAP using X-ray diffraction method. The functional groups of the materials are confirmed qualitatively by FTIR spectral analysis. Optical absorption studies on these samples reveal the minimum absorption region to be well suited for NLO applications. Thermal analysis have been carried out on the compounds confirm the samples are thermal stable up to 163ºC.

There are many socio-economic factors that affect the affordability level of house ownership such as household income, household expenditure, house prices, rental installment, type of occupations and others. If the income is sufficient to pay for a house and other household expenditures, then the person can be identified as having home affordability. The objectives of this research are to examine the housing affordability of Malaysian family student and to investigate the pattern of their expenses in Sheffield. The sample of this research comprises 30 Malaysian family students who rent in City Center, Tinsley and Firth Park. The convenience sampling technique is used for this research with regression method as its analytical tool. The findings indicate that Malaysian family students in Sheffield with 4 household members are afforded to rent a house with monthly instalment averaged at £435 if minimal £1,300 overall income obtainable either from the sponsors or through part time job. The pattern of their expenses in Sheffield shows that the significant monthly expenditures is housing rental with 35% allocation and 24% for food.

The observation that mother-to-child transmission of HIV can occur through breastfeeding has resulted in policies that recommend avoidance of breastfeeding by HIV infected women under specific circumstances in developing countries. We aim to estimate the present rate of HIV infected mothers who practice exclusive breast feeding in a tertiary level hospital in India. This cross sectional study examined practices of 82 counseled HIV mothers by using structured and open ended questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 .Our results showed that 58.6% (n=48) of mothers practiced exclusive breast feeding. 24.6% (n =12) of women were concerned about the social repercussions if they did not breast-feed, whereas 16.3% (n=8) stated they could not ensure hygienic food preparation. Breast feeding is the most community accepted feeding practice in India. Due to the lack of hygienic conditions, poor economic status and the risk of social repercussions breast-feeding should be promoted for HIV women.

The reckless release of cassava effluent into the environment has posed diverse environmental challenges. Its effects on phytotoxicity, nutrient quality and stability on compost were assessed under windrow composting method. There were two carbon (Rice bran and Sawdust) and nitrogen (Poultry manure and Cow dung) sources. Each of the carbon and nitrogenous feedstock were combined in ratio 1:3 with or without cassava effluent applied at 15 litres per pile. There were two replications. Ambient temperature and those of the composting piles were taken daily. Turning and moisture content were monitored. At compost maturity, composite compost samples were subjected to proximate analysis and phytotoxicity assessment by raising cowpea seedling in the compost extracts in the dark for 72 hours. There were four compost types and two compost extract concentration levels including 50 and 100 %. Two checks including distilled water and raw cassava effluent were considered for comparison. There were two replications laid out in completely randomized design. Data assessed showed that cassava effluent significantly reduced Mn and Fe concentrations in the compost. It further reduced number of days to attain stability by 9 and 19 days in rice bran and sawdust based compost respectively. It also increased the nitrogen content and alkalinity in the compost. Feedstock decomposition rate was increased by 54% in sawdust based compost. Its ability to greatly improve germination index of cowpea with values above the 100 % from distilled water growing medium at both concentrations levels showed the possibility of cassava effluent under aerobic composting condition to release growth stimulating substances into the growing medium.

Transitioning IPv6 takes several challenges and hurdles. Significant work has been carried out to different transition scenarios to prove their suitability is under research. It is observed in the literature that the Internet infrastructure still has not significantly migrated from IPv4 to IPv6, even after the introduction of IPv6 in 1995. While IPv4 and IPv6 Internet infrastructures co-exists together, IPv4 mobile users should not be restricted to utilize only IPv4 based networks and IPv6 mobile users should not be restricted to utilize only IPv6 based networks. The current Internet protocols IPv4 and IPv6 adopted for the Mobile Internet connectivity provide facility for roaming of IPv4 mobile node into IPv4 based networks and facility for roaming of IPv6 mobile node into IPv6 based networks. This paper highlights the need of mobile Internet connectivity while roaming of IPv4 mobile node into IPv6 based networks and similarly while roaming of IPv6 mobile node into IPv4 based networks by providing inter-mobility and interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 mobile nodes when they are in each other’s IP networks. This paper also emphasizes that more research have to be carried out, to design an integrated architecture addressing, inter-mobility and interoperability for IPv4 nodes in IPv6 networks and to design an integrated architecture addressing, inter-mobility and interoperability for IPv6 nodes in IPv4 networks.

North of the Punjab the land rises into the Himalayan foothills, towards the snows. Politically, the hills are divided between the states of Jammu and Kashmir. To the north, beyond the Banihal Pass, lies the Kashmir Valley, over 5000 feet above sea- level. The Vale and its fringes are rich in timber, which was and remains the primary building material. Tall houses lining the Jhelum River in Srinagar are wood-framed, as are more handsome mosques, which take a form unique to Kashmir. Persian influence on Indian Culture is a vast subject with many sides to it. This research is based on just one aspect of it, that is, the role of Persian architecture on Indian landscape architecture, and in particular Kashmir cultural architecture.

Generally regarding the revision discussion and the finality of judgments in Iran, it can be said that after years of struggle for being religious or non-religious of revision discussion, the legislator Finally however it emphasized on the finality of decrees but by allowing review for most of the cases uses the exception in a way which practically leaves on single decree but a review possibility for that. Hence ,in the year of 1381 in a move to make amends past mistakes they eliminated different review possibility and detection but it didn’t succeed again because of establishing detection branches in country’s supreme court and degrading this institute to a simple court.in the year of 1385 and after that in the years of 86 and 88 by using the amendment article of 18 reduced the deficiency of the law of 1381 but yet by giving the right to review for final decrees which are against sharia to head of judiciary not only contradicts the law but questions the finality of decrees. The way used in this study is based on practical goal and an analyzing – descriptive approach.in information collection is based on library resources and by using real document. This study starts by finality definitions and after that investigates the historical course of finality and decrees violating in Iran legal system and also investigate the legal deficiency in this regard and at the end presents some suggestions for improving criminal system to achieve justice.