Archives-June... 

Electricity power distribution networks are sometimes disturbed by a phenomenon known as ferroresonance. Causes, effects and remedies of ferroresonance are discussed in this paper. It is a nonlinear resonance in transformers which occurs during switching operations and lightning on networks containing inductors, capacitors and iron core materials that easily saturates. Overvoltages, overcurrents and distortions results’, causing overheating, damage to equipment, transformers and sometimes explodes. Difficult to predict, hence, in solving its problems, no mathematical solution is applicable yet. However, theoretical principles, simulations and measurements are commonly adopted. Secondary sources were used and the paper undoubtedly shall guide designers, manufacturers of transformers and operating personnel to ensure equipment longevity and safe operations for effective service delivery.

The hepatic localization of hydatid cysts classically occupies the first place in adults and alone accounts for approximately 2/3 of all hydatid localizations Hepatic hydatidosis is a reputedly benign disease, but can become serious at because of its complications. The most common complication is fistulization of the cyst in the bile ducts which constitutes a turning point in the evolution of the disease and which risks involving the life-threatening Our case is about a rupture of KHF in the bile ducts complicated by cholangitis in a patient admitted for treatment of severe sepsis on cholangitis

The plant family Boraginaceae worldwide distributed and its contained 145 genera. Carolus Linnaeus described the Cordia genus in the format of Cordia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 190 (1753). The genus Cordia L. (Boraginaceae) is a medicinally important taxon. The first species of Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. has been used for the treatment against fever, ulcers, dyspepsia, ringworm, etc. It has also been reported for its activities such as analgesic, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory actions. Another second species, C. sinensis Lam., which is endemic to the northern Western Ghats, is a potential medicinal plant and is presumed to have similar biochemical activities. Since the species is consumed mainly in the crude form, it is difficult to establish the identity based on only leaf or stem characters. A comparative study has been carried out to authenticate the identity of these two species based on foliar anatomical characters. The anatomical sections of a leaf (TS), and petiole (TS) of both the species were observed under the bright-field microscope, and characters were documented. Though the diagrammatic outline of the leaf sections is similar, detailed anatomical characters are significantly different. The structure and number of the trichomes are observed abaxial and adaxial sides of the leaves. The trichomes were also found to be useful characters for identification. In the case of leaf, the number and arrangement of vascular bundles, arrangement of collenchyma at the lower epidermis, palisade cells, and distribution of storage cells are the major characters to differentiate both species. During the study, we also observed the detailed characters of the cuticular layer, trichomes, and stomatal characters. Rananculious type stomata and the presence of cystoliths in the basal cell of the trichome are the common characteristics observed in both species. On the basis of the primary study, the species can be differentiated based only on foliar anatomical characters. 

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) exist to satisfy human needs, which are unfulfilled by other social, economic and political institutions. Business sector avoids operations in those areas where it suffers loss while public sector does not have access due to its financial limitations or other priorities like defense building, regional and international politics. However, NGOs in developing world are growing quickly in numbers and areas, but to a large extent, their potentials are still unutilized because of funding limitations, their own institutional weakness and governments’ skepticism towards the role of NGOs. This paper discusses the fund raising techniques for NGOs on financial autonomy and alternative grant making as well as self-financing possibilities.

The coastal area of Andhra Pradesh has a hard crust on the top. These top layers of the laterite formations are highly porous but hard and strong. In between this top low level laterites and bottom high level laterites some of the beds are having size distribution between JEDI (clay) and GODI (silt) soils, but do not show the behaviour of the clay nor silt, called shedi soil (lithomargic clay). Shedi soil is the name given to the locally available whitish, pinkish/ yellowish lithomargic soil with high silt content and low bearing strength. When the shedi soil become saturated as a result of rain, it loses its strength and possess the same problems as that of dispersive soil. Usually the low lying areas of Karnataka state are usually filled up with these problematic soils. Construction on these type of soil possess problem of excessive settlement and low bearing capacity.In this paper, an attempt is made to stabilize the shedi soil of Baptla Guntur Dist Andhra Pradesh state using the quarry dust obtained from the Trident infrastructure, Bajpe and lime procured from the local market. The shedi soil was replaced by quarry dust in different proportion of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by dry weight of soil whereas lime was added to soil in proportion of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% by dry weight. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted on the unstabilised bas well as stabilized specimens. All the specimens were prepared at OMC and MDD.

Posterior heel pain is a largely reported symptom caused by several diseases. Haglund syndrome is one of its uncommon etiologies. The deformity referred to as a prominent bursal projection of the calcaneus can be asymptomatic and clinical manifestations define the syndrome related to the inflammation it causes. We report the case of a 45-year-old man, with no medical history presenting to clinical examination for a swelling painful posterior heel in which MRI showed a Haglund syndrome. Through this case, we detail radiological findings of this disease and the main differential diagnoses. Posterior heel pain is a largely reported symptom caused by several diseases. Haglund syndrome is one of its uncommon etiologies. The deformity referred to as a prominent bursal projection of the calcaneus can be asymptomatic and clinical manifestations define the syndrome related to the inflammation it causes. We report the case of a 45-year-old man, with no medical history presenting to clinical examination for a swelling painful posterior heel in which MRI showed a Haglund syndrome. Through this case, we detail radiological findings of this disease and the main differential diagnoses.

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma is an extra axial tumor often mistaken for meningioma. Clinical symptoms are not specific. On the MRI they are iso-intense or hypo-intense on the T1-weighted sequences, hyperintense on T2 WS with early and intense heterogeneous enhancement. There is sometimes an extension of the contrast to adjacent meninges.The treatment is based on surgical excision and complementary radiotherapy. The evolution is marked by a high rate of recidivism and distant metastasis. We report the case of intracranial hemangiopericytoma in a 55 year old man.

The completion of school education has positive health consequences. Early termination of education can lead to poorer health, shorter lifespans, which places additional stress on the health care system. In Canada, improving overall high school graduation rates has been discussed at the levels of the District School Board and the Ministry of Education, however, it is relatively understudied, with a dearth of research on increased graduation and its bearing on public health. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of liaison public health nurses in the Toronto, Ontario District School Board, regarding their roles in influencing students to complete high school. Reinforced by the underlying Bronfenbrenner ecological model, the study involved the analysis of primary data and theoretical propositions. Purposive sampling served to select 10 public health nurses who were interviewed regarding their role and involvement in high schools. Using a process of constant comparison and thematic analysis, the data was subjected to triangulation to increase understanding of the phenomenon. Broadly, the findings from this study indicated that liaison public health nurses believe that high school dropout is a public health issue and that collaboration between the Ministry of Education and Public Health is needed to address the issue. Further research is recommended to explore the connection between health and school achievements and the expanded role of public health nurses in Canadian high schools. The positive social change implication that may be expected with the application the findings of this study, includes highlighting the issue of high school dropout rate as a public health concern in Canadian schools in areas of lower socioeconomic status. The imperative to use additional research and resources may yield dividends for the Toronto Public Health, in improving graduation rates among their core mandates.

Since 2005, Ethiopia’s national guideline for tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) collaborative activity recommend HIV testing and counseling as part of routine TB care. However, the number of patients with TB that know their HIV status remains low. The objective of our study was to assess the HIV testing and counseling among patients with TB at Arbaminch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. We conducted a cross sectional study from January to April 2012 at Arbaminch Hospital (AMH). Patients newly diagnosed with TB who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled for this study. We calculated our sample size using a single proportion formula and participants were recruited sequentially. Socio-demographic and TB/HIV related information for study participants were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. The HIV status and other clinical data of study participants were taken from the TB treatment registration book in the TB clinic. We enrolled a total of 76 people newly diagnosed patients with TB. The majority of study participants (92%) reported that they were consulted by physician to take an HIV test when they were diagnosed with TB. Among study participants consulted by physician to get HIV testing, 88.6% were willing to get tested among which majority has their status documented. After the test, only 41.4% (n=24/58) received counseling services among which 33.3% (n=8/24) tested HIV positive. Overall, 23.7% of the study participants were receiving anti-TB treatment and had unknown HIV status. Most of the patient related factors we assessed were not associated with obtaining consultation and counseling services or with willingness to get tested. Provision of HIV testing and counseling service for people with TB in the Hospital was low and poorly integrated, which illustrates that work remains to be done to ensure all people with TB have a known HIV status. It sounds like improving the awareness of physicians on the benefit of HIV testing and improving coordination between physicians and TB clinic workers is of paramount importance in improving the uptake of consultation and counseling services, and in increasing willingness of TB patients to get tested.

The close relationship between religion and burial architecture as well as the special respect and reverence of Muslims to the holy shrines was the main reason of the development of burial architecture. Thus, the structure of such constructions is associated with holiness and symbolic values, on the one hand, and with the religious and political identity of the deceased person, on the other hand. Various types of dome such as rok, nar, and double-shelled have been introduced to the world and their functions have been investigated. In this architecture, ourchin dome, which is of typical characteristics of the tombs in southern part of Iran, has been neglected. Little information about this type of dome is available in the history of Iranian architecture. And this little information is limited to some reports and pictures from foreign tourists and unknown writers, including no more than a few names and dates of constructing of such structures. Therefore, the origin and the reason for the development of such domes as well as their role are still mysterious. In different parts of the present study, comparative, retrospective, and fieldwork studies have been used, whenever needed. In the current research, the root of the word, ourchin dome, and its meaning are pointed out. Also, the origin of Iranian architecture, which dates back to Seljuqid period, is introduced. Then, the geometric relationships of its sides are examined and different varieties of this dome [star and polygonal] are drawn. Studying the typology of the examples of this dome in Iran and Iraq revealed some remarkable points about the geometric, height, and shape of the dome, in addition to the number of its stories. Some factors, like the function of the crown, method of its construction, cover of the dome, and the system of the distribution of the load are clarified. Finally, by investigating the influential cultural and historical factors, we concluded that that the main reason for the development of the general structure of this type of dome was symbolic, not simply religious. This dome by its own or in combination with religious places has played an affective and functional role over time.