Archives-June... 

Oncoba spinosa is traditionally reputed for its medicinal potential particularly in southwestern part of Nigeria for the treatment of diabetes and cancer. 500 g of the leaves were extracted with 70 % aqueous ethanol and sequentially partitioned with hexane and chloroform. The various extracts were tested for the presence of secondary metabolites and subsequently screened for ?-glucosidase inhibitory, radical scavenging and cytotoxicity activities. Alkaliods, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and anthraquinones were detected in various extracts while saponin was absent in all the extracts. The crude and aqueous extracts showed better activities than the standard antidiabetic drug (acarbose) in concentration dependent manner. The aqueous and chloroform extracts had antioxidant activities comparables to ascorbic acid at concentrations 125 and 250 µg/mL. The brine shrimps lethality assay indicated the cytotoxicity of the crude, chloroform and hexane extracts, this was further established using cervical (HeLa) and Lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The results support the folkloric use of the plant as antihyperglycemic and antineoplastic.

Plants often experience both drought and salinity stress in arid environment. Various mathematical water uptake models exist for plants response to combined drought and salinity stress. The reduction functions are classified as additive, multiplicative and conceptual models. In this study six different macroscopic reduction functions, namely; Van Genuchten (additive and multiplicative), Dirksen et al., Van Dam et al, Skaggs et al and Homaee were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on Ghods variety of wheat crop in a factorial split plot design with 3 replicates in the Research Field of university Birjand. The treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 120%of crop water requirement), and three water qualities (1.4, 4.5, 9.6 dS/m). The results of this study indicated that the additive model estimates relative yield less than actual amount. In other word, the effect of combined stresses on wheat yield was less compared to sum of the separate effects due to salinity and water stress. The effect of drought stress on reduction of yield was more than salinity stress. The results also revealed that reduction function of Skaggs et al and Homaee were better fitness to measured data than the other functions.

Education is an important stand-in for human development. Along with economic growth and empowerment, it forms the core of every social and human development doctrines. Higher education as we have today is outcome of a long socio-cultural growth. The General Agreement on Trade and Service (GATS) is among the World Trade Organization’s most important agreements. The creation of the accord was one of the landmark achievements of the Uruguay Round and is the first and only set of multilateral rules and commitments covering Government measures that effect international trade in services. However, during the last four decades, the state had made considerable progress in all the areas of development. In this paper accounting of major objectives, i) to study analyze the GATS and Indian Higher Education ii) identify present status of the Indian higher education iii) the examine the policy suggestion and summary. Study will cover of India and regional centers will make use of based on secondary data. The analysis of growth, regional variations, state assistance to determents factors like higher education impact on GATS will be based on secondary data collected from the Reports documents published by such other agencies, using CAGR. Hence the very success of economic reform policies critically depends upon the competence of the human capital and in particular the specialized human capital. In this paper an attempt has impact on GATS and Higher Education in India.

 The search for new NLO materials is a never ending process. Good quality Aluminium Nitrate doped Sulphamic Acid single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystals were studied using single crystal XRD. The functional groups present in the grown crystal were identified by FTIR analysis. Optical behaviour of the grown crystal was investigated using UV-Vis-NIR studies. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was confirmed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA).The mechanical strength and Nonlinear optical property of the crystal were determined by Vicker’s Microhardness Test and Kurtz powder technique respectively.Nonlinear optical property of the crystal were determined by Vicker’s Microhardness Test and Kurtz powder technique respectively.

The Fourier transform infrared, FT-Raman and NMR spectra of Naphthalene-1-ly acetic acid (NAA) have been recorded and analyzed. Harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of Density functional theory (DFT) with 6-31+G(d, p) and 6-31++G(2d, 2p) basis sets. The Gauge-Invariant Atomic Orbital Approach (GIOA) is used to calculate the proton and carbon chemical shifts of the title compound. The natural bond orbital analysis of the title compound is also reported in order to understand the stability of the molecule which arises from hyper-conjucative intermolecular interactions and charge delocalization. The polarizability (?), first order hyper-polarizability (?) and second order hyper-polarizability (?) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT quantum mechanical calculations. The molecular orbital contributions are studied by the density of energy states (DOSs). The reactivity sites are by mapping the electron density into the electrostatic potential surface (MEP). Mulliken analysis of atomic charges is also calculated. The electron density-based local reactivity descriptors such as Fukui functions were calculated to explain the chemical selectivity or reactivity site in NAA. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plots reveal that the complex structure is stabilized mainly by H…H, C…C, C…H intermolecular interactions. Finally, molecular docking studies have been carried out in the active site of NAA was also investigated.

In present research, acoustic signals from gearbox of Massey Ferguson 285 are used for fault diagnosis of gears. Worn tooth face gear and broken tooth gear are studied as two common faults in gear-sets. Signal processing on acquired acoustic signals are done using wavelet transform. Decomposition is made using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in four levels and using Db4 mother wavelet. Desired information from DWT decomposition is provided by applying some functions on DWT outputs. The investigated data set is fed into feed forward back-propagation neural network to classify the gears status. Two layer networks are trained and tested with separate data sets and using variable hidden layer neurons count. Results show that 100% performance is gained by a network with two neurons in hidden layer.

The present study is an attempt to assess the influence of age and locality on coping strategies among Iranian women in Esfahan Province. A total of 880 Iranian women randomly selected from Esfahan province for the present study. They were administered coping checklist , which measured coping strategies in healthy cognitive, social support, spiritual related, physical activity related, problem solving, unhealthy coping, and high risk coping. The results were analyzed through One-way ANOVA. Results revealed that in unhealthy coping habits, respondents below 20 years, 21-35 years and 51-65 years found to use more of unhealthy coping habits compared to other age groups. Further, significant differences between women from rural and urban areas in physical activity related, problem solving, and unhealthy cognitive strategies. Social work measures to improve the conditions of women in general have been discussed.

There are two important things which is interesting to study about the background of the food and beverage industry in East Java : (1) the contribution of the food and beverage industry in East Java and (2) Industry East Java in the constellation of national industrial policy. Based on the empirical phenomena as described above, the objectives of this study are: identify patterns in the food and beverage industry and to analyze the relationship of food and beverage among its subsectors in East Java Province. The used analytical tools in this study is input-output analysis. The results of analysis shows: (i) The sector that is able to move the economy in East Java Province is coming from the industrial sector. Referring to Table I-O of East Java Province in 2010, the ability to create output from the industrial sector is Rp. 652.71 trillion and accounted for 38.89% of the total output;(ii) Rice-based industry is the industry that has the largest value of input coefficient worth 0.7311 means that any increase or decrease of 1 rupiah from the industry will have a direct impact of 0.7311 in the economy; (iii) Subsectors with the highest backward linkages were the milk processing, milk and ice cream products with an associated value of 1,256; (iv) The largest direct forward linkage is the grain mill subsector (except rice), starch and starch with a figure of 2,802.

A field experiment was conducted at KVK, Srinagar during two consecutive Kharif seasons to study the “Effect of integrated nutrient management for Soybean (Glycine max L.) under temperate conditions”. The experiment was laid out with 18 treatment combinations viz., three levels of each of recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% RD) and organic manures (control, FYM 10 t ha-1 and Dalweed 10 t ha-1) and two levels of biofertilizers (control and dual inoculation with Rhizobium + PSB) in randomised complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that grain and straw yield increased significantly with increase in the recommended inorganic levels. Application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 showed significantly superior results over other organic treatments. Dual inoculation with Rhizobium and PSB showed significantly superior results over no inoculation. Yield attributing characters viz. 100-seed weight and number of nodules showed significant increase with increasing levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers. Application of 75% recommended inorganic fertilizer level showed highest 100-seed weight over other levels. Among organics, FYM (10 t ha-1) was found superior over Dalweed (10 t ha-1) for yield attributes. Oil and lysine content was found superior with application of 75% recommended inorganic fertilizers over other levels, Protien content increased with increasing levels of recommended inorganic fertilizers. Among organics FYM (10 t ha-1) yielded significantly superior results for seed quality than dalweed (10 t ha-1).

Learning and teaching a second language is always considered a big issue and has been a great problem for the learners and teachers in rural areas schools. Present study aims to explore some strategies for learning a second language like English which has a second language status in Pakistan. It tries to suggest some strategies which are useful and helpful in learning a second language. Moreover, all the essential information and material for this study about learning a second language strategies was obtained through rural elementary school level students enrolled in an English language class. The task and lists of words which were applied on in students are presented in the form of tables as well as the results are also shown in the form of table. This study is designed to know the role and the effect of the use of different strategies on learners in the learning and acquisition of second language.