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Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in arid and semi-arid land of agriculture worldwide. This study was performed to evaluation of Drought stress on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of Zinnia elegans . Experimental design was CRD with 3 replication, At elongation stage, the plants were provided different degrees of drought stress: (1) mild drought with 65–70 % of the soil water capacity; (2) moderate drought with 45–65 % of the soil water content; (3) severe drought with 20–30 % of soil water capacity and; (4) control with 70 % of soil water capacity. Studied traits included: height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf number, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, proline, total chlorophyll. Totally, our results showed that drought stress reduced all studied traits except proline, and by increasing of stress, reduction was increased but this trend was different for proline. Severe stress showed 54, 40, 40, 46, 48, 64, 34, 66 and 53% reduction for height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf number, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and total chlorophyll in compare to control, respectively.

Land suitability is the fitness of a given type of land for a defined use. The process of land suitability classification is the appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for defined uses. The development and creation of appropriate points for this land use without considering environmental capability will result in the appearance of several ecological, economic, and social problems This research was conducted to investigate land suitability classification for better use of lands using geographic information system in Mohsenab region, Ilam province, Iran. Soil units were delineated bases on aerial photo interpretation, using topographic maps as auxiliary materials. Land suitability classification was done based on information extracted from soil map, using guidelines given in FAO. The land suitability as ability of land ability for forests, rangeland, dry and irrigated cultivation was determined. Finally, the appropriateness of land units components were prioritized in the current situation and the future for different applications. The results showed that some restrictions including low and irregular rainfall, the lack of surface water suitable, shallow soil, imbalance of nutrients such as phosphorus and organic matter heterogeneous are the main problems in the study

In this paper, we present the hyperchaotic dynamics of a four-dimensional autonomous Van der Pol–Duffing oscillator circuit. This circuit, which is capable of realizing the behavior of every member of Van der Pol–Duffing family, consists of just four linear elements (inductors and capacitors), a negative conductor and a cubic non-linear element. The route followed is a transition from regular behavior to Chaos and then to hyperchaos through period three-doubling bifurcation, as the system parameter is varied. The hyperchaotic dynamics, characterized by more than one positive Lyapunov exponents, is described by a set of four coupled first-order ordinary differential equations. This has been investigated extensively using laboratory experiments and numerical analysis.

Valin is a type of amino acid which is essential for growth of the living organism. I have monitored the IR ,Raman & electronic absorption spectra of the valine molecule in solid form.The IR spectra has been observed in the range 4000 -400 cm-1 in the solid as well as liquid form. Similarly Raman spectra of the same molecule has also been monitored under the same range . The electronic absorption spectra has been monitored in the range 400-200 nm. In this paper we have made the several assignment of observed peaks. There are some new peaks has been found ,which were not reported by earlier workers .

This research presents the description of the procedure for the manufacturing the Organo-lead halide Peroveskite Solar Cells (OPSC) . We descried the synthesis organo-lead halide peroveskite materials , MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2 , which employed as absorption layer in OPSCs . Optical properties for the peroveskite materials which used to prepare OPSCs is tested by the measurements the absorbance spectrum in order to calculate the energy gap . X-ray diffraction , AFM microscope and SEM microscope are used in our work to study the structure of the samples . Finally , the tests OPSCs by Light I-V Measurement System are implemented in order to obtained the parameters of the manufacturing devices . The Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) of OPSCs are (0.12%) and (0.07%) to the devices have MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2 as sensitized absorption layer, respectively. Measurements are tested at AM1.5 global sunlight (100 mW cm?2) .

With the advancement of technology in the banking industry in recent years has led to the fulfillment of customer satisfaction with better online facilities and tracking system. Customers are able to enjoy rapid speed and service, better delivery channels and faster response rate dealing with queries and account transactions. In Malaysia, customers expect higher quality services from banks which, if fulfilled could result in significant improvement in customer satisfaction levels. This study mainly focuses on investigating to identify the major factors that influence online customers’ satisfaction with the services provided by their respective banks. This study will also assess the online transactions (internet banking) and would therefore help the banks management to improve and better service their customers and strengthen the bond between banks and their valued customers. A total of 227 customers were surveyed via online structured questionnaire for this study. This study identified core services, problem resolution, cost saved, convenience and risk and privacy concerns as the major factors affecting overall customer satisfaction in Malaysia.

farm households’ access and constraints to portable and irrigation water supply in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 180 farm households. Primary data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and interview schedule; the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result of the study shows that the farmers lacked access to sanitation, potable and irrigation water. Farm household access to potable and irrigation water were 46% and 0% with average potable and irrigation water insecurity level at 77%. Most of the household water collection was supplied by the children and this affected class attendance and school enrolment. The result of X2 and regression shows that there is a strong relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and their access to water. The respondents identified poor government attitude towards potable and irrigation water provision, lack of money to pay for the users cost, and seasonality of natural water sources as the constraints to access water. The respondents further identified Government and Non Governmental Organization full involvement in the provision of potable and irrigation water, education or public awareness campaign for proper water management and utilization as ways of mitigating water scarcity. It was recommended that government should articulate and integrate rural water provision into the mainstream policy framework among others.

Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organizational economics theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 25 pioneering people, main principles of the organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 discusses and concludes the paper.

Remotely-sensed data obtained from satellites or aircraft are usually geometrically distorted due to the acquisition system and the movements of the platform. Preprocessing of satellite images prior to image classification and change detection is essential. Image Processing is a technique which is used to enhance raw images received from cameras and sensors placed on satellites, space probes and aircrafts or pictures taken in normal day-to-day life for various applications. Digital image processing is the technique of processing images in the form of discrete digital brightness quantities by means of using digital circuits or digital computers.

The purpose of present paper to study and introduces the concepts of fuzzy arw- super closed mappings and obtains some of their basic properties and characterizations in fuzzy topology.