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In Burkina Faso, the increase in energy consumption in habitat can be expected to become even more marked, not only because of the expansion of air conditioning and the number of electrical appliances. In this work, we proceeded to a modeling and a simulation of the thermal behavior of the envelope of the habitat F1 (studio apartment) built in concrete block from the software COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation 5.3a. We have noted that the concrete block habitat has a high internal temperature (temperature above 35°C) with a low thermal phase shift of 02 hours during the hot months (March and April) of the year. Block constructions would require a very large daytime air conditioning load to keep the interior at a comfortable temperature. We can therefore say that for sustainable or bioclimatic design, the concrete block is not a material adapted to the climatic context of the city of Koudougou.

Ultrasonic waves are used widely in food production, industry and chemical reactions. For conducting such a reactions, it is need to have a reactor in which liquid is affected by the waves. Among the most important parameters used for reactor design, the reactor dimensions may be considered as the most important parameter that can take influence the most, from the wave cavitation. In this study, effects of ultrasonic power, horn diameter and horn height on the amount of energy absorbed by liquid in reactor were evaluated and models were further developed for estimating the absorbed energy. Statistical analysis indicated that the effects of input power, reactor diameter and reactor height were all significant on energy absorption (P<0.01). The results revealed that as the horn diameter increased from 70 to 100 mm, 9% decrease was occurred in the absorbed energy. By increasing the horn height from 30 to 70 mm, 11% decrease was observed in the energy absorption. There was an 11% increase in the energy, together with an increase in ultrasonic wave power from 100 to 300 W. It was also concluded that the second order model was most suitable to predict the amount of energy absorbed by liquid (R2=94.5%).

Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a significant threat in people living with HIV and promotes increased mortality rates. It is often a combination of pulmonary tuberculosis forms and extra-pulmonary forms. We report 6 cases of patients with HIV and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis collected over a two-year period from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2019 hospitalized for multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis at Moulay Youssef Hospital. We describe the radiological, evolutionary and therapeutic clinical characteristics of resistant TB in this patient category. The average age of our patients was 36. These are 2 women and 4 men. Of which 4 were known to carry retroviral infection, followed and treated with antiretroviral therapy, there was only one diabetic patient on insulin therapy. The signs of calls were respiratory in 3 patients, digestive in one patient, neurological in one case, and an alteration of the general state in the last case. Exclusive pulmonary involvement was noted in 4 patients, associated with neuromeningeal localization in one patient and cervical lymph node localization in the last case The radiological aspect was dominated by bilateral micronodular opacities often associated with sequellary opacities. Based on the results of the xpert Tb Rif and Hain Test 1 st line and 2 nd line 3 cases of our patients were Prexdr (resistant to injectable 1/3 cases, resistant to furoquinolone 2/3 cases), MDR in one patient, two patients were classified as RR due to the unavailability of genotypic tests. The evolution during hospitalization was marked by the occurrence of pneumocystosis in 2 patients who had progressed well under Bactrim high curative dose and systemic corticosteroids, pneumothorax in one case; we deplore the death of a patient by tuberculosis meningitis. Five patients were put individualized regimen of 20-24 months and only one case on a standardized regimen for 9-11 months, antiretroviral treatment was initiated after 1 month of the start of anti-bacillary treatment in 2 cases (CD4 rate > 500). Major adverse effects were observed in 3 patients. These were bilateral deafness, significant hepatic cytolysis, and severe cytopenia which required the permanent discontinuation of amikacin, Pza, Linezolid respectively. Minor side effects, a type of digestive intolerance, were noted in 2 patients who progressed well under symptomatic treatment. Minor side effects, a type of digestive intolerance, were noted in 2 patients who progressed well under symptomatic treatment.HIV infection increases the risk of the emergence of resistant strains of the TB bacillus in HIV-positive subjects. The combination of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV infection is a major risk factor for morbidity-mortality.

Multivariate statistics was used to categorize the potential sampling sites of Lake and identify potential pollution sources by analyzing water quality parameters. Water quality parameters ,such as total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), five day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total hardness as CaCO3, total alkalinity as CaCO3, nitrate, sulfate, orthophosphate, fluoride, - K, Mg, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were determined and compared with WHO standards. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted seven principal components. The first principal component (PC1) accounted for 22.1 % of the total variance, and pH, Mn turbidity, specific conductance (SC) and sulfate were strongly loaded on it. Principal component two was (PC2) mainly composed of BOD5, total hardness, temperature, iron, DO, and TDS. This component accounted for 17.3 % of the total variance. The third component (PC3), dominated by potassium, TDS, and zinc, explained 12.4 % of the total variance. Copper and fluoride were associated in the fourth principal component, accounting for 10.5 % of the total variance. In the fifth component, total alkalinity, phosphate, and zinc were the dominant components, which account for 10.2 % of the total variance. Nitrate, chromium, and lead were isolated in the sixth component (PC6), accounting for 9.4 % of the total variance. The last component was dominated by magnesium, explaining 7.6 % of the total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) divided the sampling sites into four clusters. Cluster A include five sampling sites and it was highly loaded with PC4 and PC6, which showed the presence of a high level of pollution from industrial effluents and agricultural runoff. Cluster B and C consisted of three sampling sites and one sampling site, respectively, and they were highly loaded with PC3 and PC6, which indicated the presence of a high level of pollution from domestic wastewaters, land development and urban runoff. Cluster D comprised two sampling sites and was highly loaded with all component loadings except for PC7. It was considered a highly polluted site from multiple sources of pollution. These results obtained from the multivariate analysis can be very useful for the surrounding rural and urban communities for the proper and safe use of the lake. In addition, it can reduce the cost associated with monitoring the lake by reducing the number of sampling sites.

There has been an increasing interest in unionization and decrease in union membership both for blue and white collar workers during the recent years in all over the world. For quite some time, public employment remains the largest group of union membership. However, this seems to be changing due to recent developments in professional workers’ demand for unionization mostly via professional associations, although ”not surprisingly, professionals and managerial personnel have been less likely to approve of labor unions and exhibit less confidence in organized labor and labor leaders than blue-collar workers (Brint, 1985)”. This paper attempts to shed light on what we know and don’t know about new trends in unionization and unionization among professionals. Paper mainly includes 4 sections. It starts with the introduction and in that part unionization is broadly defined. In the first section, unions’ historical development will also be investigated. More importantly, paper will try to answer what it means to be a career person and professional employee in the 21st century business world. These trends will be analyzed in three regions which are Europe, Asia and U.S.A. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. Causes of general decline will be explained and unionization among professionals such as teachers, professors, engineers, librarians, accountants and lawyers et cetera will be discussed in detail. In section 3, after explaining the historical development, unionization among professionals in Turkey will be brought up for discussion and comparison with these 3 regions. Section 4 will include unionization industry foresight for 2025, further research, discussion and conclusion. Besides giving insight about unionization in Turkey for comparison purposes between different regions of the world, the purpose of this paper is to provide information for the potential researchers about basic aspects of new trends in unionization and professionals’ attitudes and behaviors toward unions.

In this paper, we made an attempt to study the algebraic nature of fuzzy subfield of a field with respect to T-norm.

This article studies the problems and obstacles impeding the development of tourism industry in Iran focusing on marketing and promotion. For this purpose, it initially deals with the literature of tourism and marketing and then the importance of the research is expressed. After the data was collected and analyzed, the following items were identified as main obstacles to the development of tourism industry in Iran: lack of promotion in Iran’s attractions in target markets; inefficiency of national and international transportation facilities and systems; low quality of services such as hospitality and entertainment facilities; International negative publicity against Iran and insufficient training of people who are involved in the country’s tourism industry. The results from the research indicated that lack of promotions in the target markets (outside Iran) has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and negative untrue publicity against Iran launched by some international communities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to the country. It was also confirmed that lack of suitable accommodations and recreation/entertainment facilities has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran and the low quality of transportation in the country has become an obstacle to attracting tourists to Iran.

Packaging and labeling practices are among challenges facing consumer of pharmaceutical products today. Some manufacturers, however, do not indicate all the required information on the products. This study used survey method to characterize the pharmaceutical products in the market, and it was conducted using a systematic procedure known as a checklist. Parameters like dates of manufactures, expiring dates, and general instructions were spread using excel from the checklist. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Conclusively, 22% of the pharmaceutical products showed only expiring dates, 14% of the pharmaceutical products showed manufacturing dates only and 64% of the products showed both skills, production and expiring dates. It was recommended that customers should clearly check for important information and proper packaging before buying the pharmaceutical products, also authorities should not only control products in the market but also in industries, checking for the Good Manufacture Practice.

The present study aims to determine the relationships between perceived paternal parenting styles and locus of control. In addition, the moderating role of family income was also tested. Sample consisted of 382 school-going adolescents with an average age of 14.27 years. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used for collecting the data. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for the participants at their selected schools. Fathers’ parenting style was measured using the inventory of Parental Authority Questionnaire, as well as a scale that assessed the respondents’ locus of control. Results demonstrated that paternal authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly related to internal locus of control. However, no significant moderating effect was found for family income. The present study emphasizes the need for continued focus on the link between child rearing strategies and child developmental outcomes.

Teacher development has become a key concept in the field of education. Both pre-service and in-service teacher training are extremely crucial in the entire process of the development of a teacher as a professional. In-service training received due attention from the experts and educators in order to strengthen the base of pre-service training or lay a new foundation for those who have no formal training, and to follow up training needs as continuous teacher development. Education has been changing globally in order to meet the urgent demand of the society, economics, and science-technology. There has been a focus all over the world to develop the teachers of the institutions to meet the needs of the students, and institutional effectiveness leading to the national development. King Abdulaziz university (KAU) is one of those pioneering institutions in Saudi Arabia that has been taking the initiatives to equip its staff to raise them to the international standards (if required). Jeddah community college (JCC), being the part of KAU also realised the need of teacher development activities. Many training, pedagogic, and developmental activities took place in the past especially from 2007 till date. The present paper aims at exploring those training activities that were carried out at JCC in order to equip and update the skills of the target teachers. In this connection, many seminars, workshops, training sessions were organised by the JCC, and the teachers attended those programmes within the college, university, and even went abroad for a 2 week-intensive trainer’s training organised at Greenwich Community College, London, UK. The training course was sponsored by the university. It was expected that after such teacher development activities, the teacher preparedness will be enhanced, and the outcomes will be more beneficial for the students. As a matter of results, the present teaching at JCC is modern, novel, innovative, e-learning/online learning based and computer assisted which itself is one of the motivating factors, interesting for the learners, and needed for the ultimate human resource development.