Archives-June... 

The study measures dairy research in in top three milk producing countries (i.e. India, USA and China) and identify leading players in dairy research during 2001-2010, based on number of parameters, including publication, citation, impact, p-index, h-index and global publication share. The 20 most productive countries were selected and evaluated. The status of research output and milk production in G-7 countries and developing countries were examined. The data on publication citation and h-index were drawn from two databases i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. USA is giving maximum output in quantity and quality of publications, Other major players are UK, France, Germany, Netherland, Canada, Switzerland and Australia. Production of milk is highest in India and it has 10th rank in GDP but lagged behind in dairy research. The developing countries like India, China, Pakistan, Brazil, Poland, Mexico, Argentina and Romania are producing significant amount of milk but share in the research output is very less.

Gold nanoparticles have been synthesized and they have been made to self assemble on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. An aqueous solution of gold chloride was added to tetraoctyl ammonium bromide dissolved in toluene. The mixture was stirred well. Then an aqueous solution of sodiumborohydride was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with water in a separating funnel. The solvent was removed by evaporating the solution in vacuum to get a black solid. The black solid was suspended in ethanol and kept under refrigeration overnight. The residue was filtered and washed thoroughly with ethanol. The residue was dried. The gold nanoparticles produced were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). A clean indium titanium oxide electrode was prepared. It was immersed in an aqueous solution containing potassium ferro cyanide and sodium chloride solution in a three electrode cell assembly. Saturated calomel electrode was used as reference electrode. A platinum foil was used as counter electrode. Cyclic voltammogram was recorded in the potential range of -0.1v to 0.5v at a sweep rate of 50mV/s. The experiment was repeated with the ITO electrode coated with 3-mercaptopropytrimethoxysilane. It was seen from the cyclic voltammogram that the redox peaks were absent and there was decrease in the current. This suggests the formation of MPTMS monolayer which acts as a barrier. Since the redox probe has to diffuse through the monolayer, the redox current decreased compared to the bare ITO. When ITO electrode modified with MPTMS was immersed in gold nanoparticles self assembled on the monolayer of MPTMS. The gold nanoparticles were attached to the –SH groups of MPMS. When CV was run with this electrode, there was increase in redox current suggesting that the GNPs have assembled on ITO electrode modified with MPTMS. These electrodes may find application in Biosensors.

A novel series of 6-Chloro-3-(2-morpholino methyl amino)-6-substituted phenyl pyrimidine-4-yl-2H-chromone-2-one (CT₁M–CT₅M), 3-(2-((piperidine-1-yl)methylamino)-6-substituted phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)- 6-Chloro- 2H- chromone -2- one (CT₁P–CT₅P) have been synthesized from 3-(2-amino-6-pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (CT₁-CT₅) which were synthesized from 3-acetyl-6-Chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (3). The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by I. R., ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity at a 25, 50, 100 and 200 mcg concentrations. Among them, compounds CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, CT₃P and CT₅P exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus comparable with standard drug Ampicillin trihydrate. Compounds CT₁M, CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, and CT₅P exhibited significant antifungal activity against P.chrysogenum and A.niger comparable with standard drug Fluconazole using cup-plate method. Compounds have been further evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition and percent inhibition.

Uterine rupture is a potentially catastrophic event during childbirth for mother & baby. The incidence of ruptured uterus is 0.3 to 1.7% in scarred uterus, and 0.03 to 0.08% in unscarred uterus. The mortality rate ranges between 1-13% and perinatal mortality between 74-94%. The most common cause for rupture in unscarred uterus is cephalo pelvic disproportion. We present a case of uterine rupture in a patient who had previous normal vaginal birth.

In this study the differential transform method is applied to solve the general lotka- volterra system of ordinary differential equations. Firstly, we stated the definition of the one dimensional transform method, and some related theorems. Then some illustrative examples are given, the numerical results of these examples compared with those obtained by the A domain decomposition method are found to be the same.

Inequality along with poverty has been a serious challenge for most of the developing and even in some developed countries. There have been several historical, political, social and economic dimensions of the inequalities. However, reducing income and other inequalities have not been given adequate importance in the development agenda of the successive governments. Besides income inequality, other dimensions of inequality includes; gender, b) region, c) economic class, d) social identity, e) health and f) education, etc. which fuels vicious cycles of poverty and inequality in the country. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the non-income inequality at National, Provincial and District level in Pakistan. The analysis shows that the gaps between the haves and have-nots have been continuously widening. Inequality of economic opportunities leads to inequality of economic outcomes. The distributional inequality has not been given much importance in Pakistan and the distributional policy measures like direct taxes have been weak. As a result, the direct tax to GDP ratio could not be increased over 10 percent in the country.

The FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra of 1(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone (NPE) were recorded in the region 4000-400 cm-1 and 4000-100 cm-1 and analyzed. Optimized molecular structure, vibrational wavenumbers, corresponding assignments regarding NPE has become screened tentatively as well as hypothetically using Gaussian 09 program package. The geometrical parameters of the title compound are in agreement with the experimental data. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) assessment has been completed with a reason to clarify charge transfer or conjugative interaction, the intramolecular re-hybridization and delocalization of electron density within the molecule. From the MEP analysis, it is clear that the negative electrostatic potential regions are mainly localized over carbonyl group and phenyl ring are possible sites for electrophilic attack and the positive regions are localized at all the hydrogen atoms, indicating possible sites for nucleophilic attack. Local reactivity properties have been investigated using quantum chemical parameters and Fukui function analysis. The first and second-order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated. The calculated first order hyperpolarizability is commensurate with the documented worth of very similar derivatives and could be an interesting object for more experiment on nonlinear optics. The HOMO and LUMO energies also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The NMR spectral assessment had been made choosing structure-property relationship by chemical shifts along with the magnetic shielding effects regarding the title compound. The magnetic susceptibility and thermodynamic property of the title compound for various temperatures also be discussed.

Due to the influence of emotional factors on child rearing method and the role of parenting style in Thought, Behavior and their academic success, this study aimed to determine the association between parenting style and academic success in Students in Harsin, Iran. This study is a descriptive study of correlation type. Statistical sample are 284 students in first year of high school (164 boys and 120 girls) in school year 2011-2012 in Harsin, Iran. The data collection instrument for the measurement of emotional intelligence parental is Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire shrink and for Measure parenting style is Parenting styles questionnaire. And Academic success was assessed by the student's end of the semester grade. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression. Between emotional intelligence and authoritarian parenting style, authoritative parenting practices, there is a significant positive relationship. The relationship between emotional intelligence and permissive parenting style was found to be negative and significant. The results of the analysis of the data shows that between authoritarian parenting practices and children's academic success (48/0 = r) and authoritarian (33/0 = r) there is a significant positive relationship. And there is a significant negative relationship between the academic success of students and permissive parenting style (6/0- = r). In general we conclude that emotional intelligence is related to parents' parenting style, and parenting style, in turn, is related to student's educational success. And forceful approach is more associated with academic success.

4- Oxo- thiazolidines substituted in 2 and 3 positions exhibit a wide range of biological activities. A series of 4-oxo-thiazolidine (4 a-o) have been obtained by cyclisation of various Schiff’s base (3) with thiomalic acid. The Schiff’s bases (3) are obtained by the reaction of 4 – Methyl cinnamoyl hydrazine with appropriate benzaldehyde. The product is characterized by spectral and analytical data. Most of the tested compounds show promising antibacterial activity.

This study aims to examine the personality features among the students due to their positive and negative aspects to drugs in the fourth grade student’s addiction in Ilam city. The study society includes; 963 male, fourth-grade students in Ilam. They were chosen 274 persons as an example – table and they were tested by drug – tendency questionnaire, then they were chosen 60 persons as the main example. There were 30 persons who took the highest marks, they were entitled the group with positive tendency to use drugs, besides they were 30 persons who took the least marks as the negative aspect, they took M.M.P.I questionnaire, there were used t-statistical methods of independent groups to test the research hypotheses. Results show that there are different between depression, Schizophrenia, Paranoia, the student’s psychological weakness due to the positive and negative view to drugs. The results show that the students who were positive view to drugs took the highest marks in the fore mentioned psychological disorders than the students who had negative view to drugs.